September 2012 Briefing - Cardiology

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Cardiology for September 2012. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

Melatonin Effective for Sleep in Patients Taking β-Blockers

MONDAY, Oct. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Patients taking β-blockers for hypertension, which can disturb sleep, have improved sleep quality with melatonin treatment, according to a study published in the Oct. 1 issue of SLEEP.

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Study Supports Diet High in Total Antioxidants for Lower MI Risk

THURSDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- A diet high in total antioxidant capacity, based on fruits, vegetables, coffee, and whole grains, is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction, according to a study published in the October issue of The American Journal of Medicine.

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Pediatric Kidney Disease Tied to Abnormal Carotid Arteries

THURSDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Ultrasound measurements of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) are significantly elevated among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy controls, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.

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Choice of Psoriasis Treatment Affects CVD Event Rates

THURSDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Compared with other anti-psoriatic therapies, systemic anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with severe psoriasis with biologic agents or methotrexate is associated with a lower combined risk of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, according to research published online Sept. 11 in the Journal of Internal Medicine.

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Trio of Studies Look at Impact of Sugary Drinks on Weight

FRIDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- For adults, children, and teens, drinking sugar-sweetened beverages correlates with increases in body mass index (BMI) and obesity, according to three studies published online Sept. 21 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with presentation at the annual meeting of The Obesity Society, held from Sept. 20 to 24 in San Antonio, Texas.

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Effect of BMI Category on CVD Risk Quantified in Children

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 26 (HealthDay News) -- For school-aged children, cardiovascular disease risk parameters are worse for those who are overweight, and substantially worse for those who are obese, compared with their normal-weight peers, according to a review published online Sept. 25 in BMJ.

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Early Menopause Ups Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Risk

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Women who experience menopause before the age of 46 have an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, according to a study published in the October issue of Menopause.

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Guidelines Issued for Improving Outcomes for ICD Recipients

TUESDAY, Sept. 25 (HealthDay News) -- Patient and family education and psychological support are key components for improving outcomes for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients, according to a scientific statement issued by the American Heart Association and published online Sept. 24 in Circulation.

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Increased Prevalence of Obesity in Rural Areas

FRIDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Rates of obesity are significantly higher among rural adults compared with urban residents, according to a study published in The Journal of Rural Health.

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Stress-Reducing Effect of Acute Exercise Persists

THURSDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- The anxiety-lowering effect of exercise seems to persist even after exposure to emotional stimuli, according to a study published online Aug. 14 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.

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Thin Placenta at Birth Ups Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death Later

THURSDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Sudden cardiac death in adults is associated with placental size at birth, with a significantly increased risk of death for decreased placental thickness, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the International Journal of Epidemiology.

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Duration of Antiplatelet Drugs for Drug-Eluting Stents Studied

THURSDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- In patients receiving drug-eluting stents, dual antiplatelet therapy can be safely discontinued during the first year, according to two studies published online Sept. 19 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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AHA: Sesame, Rice Oil Blend Lowers Blood Pressure

THURSDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Daily use of a blend of sesame and rice bran oils can significantly lower blood pressure and lipids in patients with hypertension, according to a study presented at the American Heart Association's High Blood Pressure Research Scientific Sessions, held from Sept. 19 to 22 in Washington, D.C.

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African-Americans Less Adherent to DASH Diet for Lowering BP

THURSDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Greater adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is associated with larger reductions in blood pressure (BP), independent of weight loss; however, African-Americans are less likely to adhere to the DASH diet, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

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More Cardio-Related Life Years Lost at Extreme Temperatures

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Cold spells and heat waves increase the number of life years lost from cardiovascular disease, with more of an increase seen during heat waves, according to research published in the September issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.

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Ethnic Variation Seen in Level of Pancreatic Triglycerides

MONDAY, Sept. 17 (HealthDay News) -- There is considerable ethnic variation in the levels of pancreatic triglycerides (TGs) and in β-cell dysfunction, according to research published online Sept. 11 in Diabetes Care.

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Nicotine Replacement Doesn't Increase Cardio Risk After ACS

MONDAY, Sept. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) does not increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the first year following acute coronary syndromes (ACS), according to research published in the Oct. 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.

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Distinct Chromatin Patterns Linked to Heart Development

MONDAY, Sept. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Distinct chromatin patterns accompany the development of heart cells from embryonic cells, providing a blueprint that could help identify the causes of congenital heart disease, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in Cell.

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Researchers Quantify Impact of Sodium on BP in Children

MONDAY, Sept. 17 (HealthDay News) -- For children and adolescents, sodium intake is associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the risk for pre-high blood pressure (pre-HBP) and HBP, according to a study published online Sept. 17 in Pediatrics.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea Ups Cardio Risk in the Elderly

FRIDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- In the elderly, untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death, and adequate treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may reduce this risk, according to research published online Sept. 13 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

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Job Strain Ups Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

FRIDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Job strain is associated with an increase in the risk of coronary heart disease, according to a meta-analysis published online Sept. 14 in The Lancet.

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For Youth, Only Vigorous Activity Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk

FRIDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- In youth, vigorous physical activity (PA), but not light or moderate PA, correlates with improved measures of cardiometabolic risk, according to research published online Sept. 10 in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.

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Disability for 15 Percent of Patients After Minor Stroke, TIA

FRIDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Approximately 15 percent of patients exhibit some disability 90 days after a minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and more than 50 percent of patients who have a recurrent event experience disability, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in Stroke.

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Persistence of Statin Use Linked to Decreased Cancer Risk

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- There is an inverse association between statin persistence and cancer risk, particularly for hematopoietic malignancies, according to a study published in the September issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Preventing Chronic Disease.

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Review: Omega-3s Do Not Reduce Risk of Cardio Events

TUESDAY, Sept. 11 (HealthDay News) -- Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is not associated with a statistically significant reduction in major cardiovascular end points, according to research published in the Sept. 12 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Less Alzheimer's Pathology With Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use

TUESDAY, Sept. 11 (HealthDay News) -- In autopsy findings, patients treated with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) show less Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology, according to a study published online Sept. 10 in the Archives of Neurology.

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Antihypertensive Use in Pregnancy Increasing

MONDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) -- The prevalence of antihypertensive use in pregnancy is approaching 5 percent and is increasing, according to a study published online Sept. 10 in Hypertension.

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NSAID Use Ups Cardiovascular Risk Up to Five Years Post-MI

MONDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) -- The increased cardiovascular risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use following a first myocardial infarction (MI) persists up to five years, according to a study published online Sept. 10 in Circulation.

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Drinking Dealcoholized Red Wine Lowers Blood Pressure

MONDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) -- Drinking dealcoholized red wine, compared with red wine or gin, decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure, according to a study published online Sept. 6 in Circulation Research.

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Early Prophylactic Tx Beneficial for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

MONDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) -- Beta blockers (BBs) are effective as an early prophylactic pharmacologic treatment for patients with mild hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) who have exercise-induced left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, according to a study published in the Sept. 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.

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Tight Glycemic Control of Little Value Post-Pediatric Heart Op

MONDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) -- For pediatric patients, tight glycemic control does not seem to reduce morbidity after cardiac surgery, according to a study published online Sept. 7 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with presentation at the Pediatric Critical Care Colloquium, held from Sept. 6 to 9 in Santa Monica, Calif.

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No Gender Effect on PCI Outcome in Acute Coronary Syndrome

FRIDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- There are no significant gender differences in outcomes between men and women undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), according to a study published in the Sept. 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.

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Not All Docs/Nurses Want to Be Asked About Hand Hygiene

FRIDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Although most health care workers (HCWs) appreciate the role of patients in preventing health care-associated infection, a considerable proportion are uncomfortable with patients asking about their hand hygiene, according to a letter published online Sept. 3 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Neurocognitive Deficits Seen in Survivors of Pediatric Hodgkin's

FRIDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Adult long-term survivors of childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma are at risk for neurocognitive impairment, according to research published online Sept. 4 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

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Fructose Consumption Impairs Insulin Sensitivity

FRIDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- High levels of fructose can affect hepatic insulin sensitivity, while even moderate consumption of fructose and sucrose can significantly alter lipid profiles in healthy young men, according to research published online Aug. 28 in Diabetes Care.

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Good Prognosis for Metabolically Healthy Obese

THURSDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals who are metabolically healthy but obese have a better prognosis than metabolically abnormal, obese adults; and for adults with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), mortality follows a U-shaped pattern with increasing body mass index (BMI), according to two studies published online Sept. 4 in the European Heart Journal.

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Prevalence of Diagnostic Errors in the ICU Assessed

THURSDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Diagnostic errors in the intensive care unit (ICU) are prevalent, with 28 percent of autopsies reporting at least one misdiagnosis, according to a study published online July 21 in BMJ Quality & Safety.

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Remodeling Starts Within 48 Hours of Cardiac Injury

THURSDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- After cardiac injury, signs of remodeling are observed as early as 48 hours, and include structural changes and enlargement of the heart, and associated changes in cell populations, according to a study published online Sept. 4 in The American Journal of Pathology.

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Perfluorooctanoic Acid Level Tied to Cardiovascular Disease

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 5 (HealthDay News) -- Levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), found in household consumer products, correlate positively with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), independently of other variables, according to a study published online Sept. 3 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Hospitals Vary in Resuscitation Times for Cardiac Arrest

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 5 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, the duration of resuscitation attempts varies between hospitals, with increased duration of resuscitation linked to improved survival, according to a study published online Sept. 5 in The Lancet.

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Clopidogrel After MI Less Effective in Diabetes Patients

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 5 (HealthDay News) -- Clopidogrel therapy following a heart attack does less to reduce the risk of death in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes, according to a study published in the Sept. 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Quitting Smoking Cuts Elevated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 5 (HealthDay News) -- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a dose-responsive manner, and cessation correlates with a reduction in SAH risk, according to a study published online Aug. 30 in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

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Anthracycline, Trastuzumab for Breast CA Up Heart Failure Risk

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 5 (HealthDay News) -- For women with incident, invasive breast cancer, treatment with anthracycline and trastuzumab is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and/or cardiomyopathy, compared to having no chemotherapy, according to a study published in the Sept. 5 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

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Over Half of U.S. Adults With HTN Do Not Have It Under Control

TUESDAY, Sept. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Of U.S. adults with hypertension, more than half have uncontrolled hypertension, yet the majority report having a usual source of care and health insurance, according to a study published in the Sept. 4 early-release issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report.

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Unrecognized MI Prevalent in Older Adults, Ups Mortality

TUESDAY, Sept. 4 (HealthDay News) -- For older patients, the prevalence of unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI), as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, is higher than that of recognized myocardial infarction (RMI) and correlates with increased mortality, according to a study published in the Sept. 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Vitamin D Repletion Offers No Short-Term Benefit in Lipids

TUESDAY, Sept. 4 (HealthDay News) -- For vitamin D deficient adults, repletion of vitamin D is not associated with short-term improvement in the lipid profile, according to a study published online Sept. 4 in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

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Vascular Stiffness Precursor to Hypertension, Not Result

TUESDAY, Sept. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Measures showing higher aortic stiffness and pressure pulsatility are precursors to, not a result of, incident hypertension, according to a study published in the Sept. 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Pulmonary Artery Enlargement Predicts Exacerbation in COPD

TUESDAY, Sept. 4 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), computed tomographic (CT) measurement of pulmonary artery enlargement, as determined by a ratio of the diameter of the pulmonary artery to the diameter of the aorta (PA:A) of >1, correlates with severe exacerbations, according to a study published online Sept. 3 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with presentation at the annual meeting of the European Respiratory Society, held from Sept. 1 to 5 in Vienna.

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Elderly Discharged Home Do Well After Heart Valve Surgery

TUESDAY, Sept. 4 (HealthDay News) -- People over the age of 80 generally do well after aortic or mitral valve replacement surgery, especially if they are discharged home, according to a study published in the September issue of The Annals of Thoracic Surgery.

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Stressful Lifestyle, Type A Behavior Linked to Stroke

MONDAY, Sept. 3 (HealthDay News) -- Stressful habits and type A behavior correlate with an increased risk of stroke, according to a study published online Aug. 27 in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

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