FRIDAY, Nov. 10, 2006 (HealthDay News) -- The drug topiramate (Topamax), commonly prescribed to treat migraines and seizures, can boost users' risk of kidney stones, a new study finds.
"The widespread and escalating use of topiramate emphasizes the importance of considering the long-term impact of this drug on kidney stone formation," study senior author Dr. Khashayar Sakhaee, chief of mineral metabolism at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, said in a prepared statement.
There were two parts to the study. In one, 32 people being treated with topiramate and 50 people in a control group had their blood and urine tested for kidney stone risk. The other part included 7 people whose kidney stone risk was assessed before and three months after they took topiramate.
The study found that patients who took topiramate on a long-term basis (about a year) experienced systemic metabolic acidosis -- a buildup of excessive acid in the blood -- as a result of the inability of the kidney to excrete acid.
Long-term use of topiramate also increased urine pH and lowered urine citrate, which inhibits kidney stone formation.
These changes increase the risk of calcium phosphate kidney stone formation,
Short-term use of topiramate did not increase the risk of kidney stones.
The findings were published in the October issue of the American Journal of Kidney Diseases.
Topiramate is one of the most commonly prescribed and effective medications for migraines, noted study co-author Dr. Dion Graybeal, assistant professor of neurology. Migraines affect more than 29 million Americans, according to the National Headache Foundation.
More information
The American Medical Association has more about kidney stones.
