August 2010 Briefing - Gastroenterology

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Gastroenterology for August 2010. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

No Benefit Seen for Vitamin Use With Colon Cancer Chemo

TUESDAY, Aug. 31 (HealthDay News) -- Among patients with stage III colon cancer, the use of multivitamins during and after adjuvant chemotherapy is not associated with a lower recurrence rate or improved survival, according to a study published online Aug. 30 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

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Study Finds Vitamin D Links to Disease-Associated Genes

FRIDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding sites are significantly enriched at genes that have been linked to several autoimmune diseases and cancer, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency may be linked to disease pathogenesis, according to research published online Aug. 24 in Genome Research.

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Racial Disparities Seen in Colorectal Cancer Mortality

FRIDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Stage-specific colorectal cancer (CRC) survival and life expectancy have been worse for blacks than whites over the past few decades, and the disparities appear to be due to differences in quality of and access to care, according to research published online Aug. 19 in the American Journal of Public Health.

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities Seen in Liver Transplantation Rates

THURSDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Subgroups of Hispanics and Asians in the United States have a lower rate of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) than whites, and geographic variation appears to be a main factor accounting for disparities in liver transplantation among racial and ethnic groups, according to research published in the September issue of Liver Transplantation.

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Heavy Lynch Syndrome Men at Risk for Colorectal Adenomas

THURSDAY, Aug. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Men with Lynch syndrome (LS) and a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m² or more may be at increased risk for developing colorectal adenomas, according to research published online Aug. 23 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

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Rectal Cancer on the Increase in Younger People

TUESDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- The incidence of rectal cancer and rectosigmoid cancer in younger patients appears to have been increasing in recent decades, according to research published online Aug. 23 in Cancer.

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Rotavirus Vaccine Effective in Preventing Hospitalizations

TUESDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- High three-dose coverage with a universal infant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) is effective in preventing rotavirus and non-rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in vaccinated children and older individuals who are unvaccinated, according to a study published online Aug. 23 in Pediatrics.

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Hepatitis E Vaccine Found to Be Effective and Safe

MONDAY, Aug. 23 (HealthDay News) -- A recombinant hepatitis E vaccine (HEV 239) appears to be effective and well-tolerated in the general adult population, according to a study published online Aug. 23 in The Lancet.

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Hepatitis C, Hispanic Ethnicity Linked to HCC Mortality

FRIDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Hepatitis C infection and Hispanic ethnicity are associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-related mortality, according to research published in the August issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

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Better Outcomes Seen With Late-Onset Ulcerative Colitis

FRIDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with late-onset ulcerative colitis may respond better to therapy in the year after diagnosis than patients with onset of the disease in early adulthood, though they have similar initial presentations, according to research published in the August issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

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Stress, Shorter Sobriety Predict Drinking Post-Transplant

THURSDAY, Aug. 19 (HealthDay News) -- The length that a patient receiving a liver transplant due to alcoholic liver disease stays sober prior to surgery is the strongest predictor of a return to alcohol use, and those who have more life stressors immediately after transplant are more likely start drinking alcohol again, according to a study published online Aug. 19 in the American Journal of Transplantation.

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Long-Term Entecavir Therapy Improves Histology in HBV

THURSDAY, Aug. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Long-term treatment (at least three years) with entecavir appears to result in histologic improvements and regression of fibrosis or cirrhosis in people with chronic hepatitis B virus, according to research published in the September issue of Hepatology.

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Inhibitory Pain Modulation Issues Seen in Pancreatitis

THURSDAY, Aug. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with chronic pancreatitis appear to have impaired inhibitory pain modulation and central sensitization, according to research published in the August issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

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Genetic Link With Advanced Fatty Liver Disease Confirmed

THURSDAY, Aug. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Carriers of an allele of the PNPLA3 gene who have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be at increased risk for advanced disease; the allele is also associated with earlier presentation in pediatric patients, according to two studies published online May 14, ahead of the print issue of Hepatology.

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Dysphagia Linked to Longer Hospitalization, Poor Prognosis

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 18 (HealthDay News) -- Comorbid dysphagia is an indicator of poor prognosis in hospitalized patients, and affects hospital length of stay, according to a study in the August issue of the Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery.

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Quality of Care Lackluster for Patients With Hepatitis C Virus

TUESDAY, Aug. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Nationwide, the quality of care provided to patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is substantially below proposed Medicare standards, though care that involves both specialists and generalists is associated with the highest quality, according to a study in the Aug. 17 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Lactobacillus Reuteri Is Safe, Effective for Colicky Infants

MONDAY, Aug. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) appears to be a safe and effective treatment for infantile colic in breast-fed infants, and gut microbiota changes induced by this probiotic may play a role in symptom improvements, according to research published online Aug. 16 in Pediatrics.

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1,097 Foodborne Outbreaks Occurred in U.S. in 2007

FRIDAY, Aug. 13 (HealthDay News) -- In 2007, nearly 1,100 foodborne outbreaks were reported in the United States, resulting in 21,244 cases of illness and 18 deaths, according to data published in the Aug. 13 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Decline Seen in Peptic Ulcer Disease Hospitalizations

FRIDAY, Aug. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Hospitalization rates for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have decreased substantially since 1998, according to an analysis in the September issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases.

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Longer HRT Duration Tied to Lower Colon Cancer Rate

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 11 (HealthDay News) -- Longer duration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use among women is linked to a greater reduction in distal large bowel cancer incidence, independent of race, according to a study published in the August issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology.

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Patients, Doctors Often Have Communication Discrepancies

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 11 (HealthDay News) -- Hospitalized patients and physicians may have differing beliefs regarding patients' knowledge and aspects of their care, suggesting a need for improved patient-physician communication, according to research published in the Aug. 9/23 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Bisphosphonate Exposure Not Linked With Esophageal Cancer

TUESDAY, Aug. 10 (HealthDay News) -- There appears to be no association between oral bisphosphonate use and risk of esophageal or gastric cancer, according to research published in the Aug. 11 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Boceprevir Can Improve Response Rate in Hepatitis C

MONDAY, Aug. 9 (HealthDay News) -- The addition of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, to the standard regimen of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for patients with treatment-naive genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C infection can nearly double the sustained virological response (SVR) rate, according to a study published online Aug. 9 in The Lancet.

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Low Hep B Viral Load Linked to Surface Antigen Seroclearance

FRIDAY, Aug. 6 (HealthDay News) -- In patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a low viral load appears to predict the natural seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), according to research published in the August issue of Gastroenterology.

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Omentectomy Not Linked to Better Metabolic Function

FRIDAY, Aug. 6 (HealthDay News) -- In obese patients, surgical removal of the omentum, either alone or along with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, doesn't improve metabolic function, according to research published in the August issue of Gastroenterology.

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Assessment Found Useful in Inactive Hep B Carriers

FRIDAY, Aug. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Assessment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen provides identification of inactive carriers of hepatitis B with high diagnostic accuracy, according to research published in the August issue of Gastroenterology.

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Sponges Do Not Prevent Surgical-Site Infections

THURSDAY, Aug. 5 (HealthDay News) -- The use of gentamicin-collagen sponges in patients undergoing colorectal surgery is not an effective method for preventing surgical-site infection, and even appears to increase the risk of infection, according to a study published online Aug. 4 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Late-Onset Ulcerative Colitis Responds Better to Therapy

THURSDAY, Aug. 5 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with onset of ulcerative colitis at age 50 or older are more likely to achieve steroid-free remission within one year than are patients who developed the illness between the ages of 18 and 30, according to research published in the August issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Risk Higher With Chronic Hepatitis

THURSDAY, Aug. 5 (HealthDay News) -- Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), according to research published online Aug. 4 in The Lancet Oncology.

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Liver Cancer Clinical Trial Priorities Assessed

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 4 (HealthDay News) -- Research in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC), the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, should be prioritized to develop new prognostic indicators and effective therapies for the disease, according to the consensus recommendations of a National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting published online Aug. 2 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

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Industry-Funded Clinical Trials Yield More Positive Outcomes

TUESDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- Drug clinical trials supported by industry are more likely to produce favorable results than trials supported by government or nonprofit/nonfederal organizations, and they are less likely to be published within two years of the study being completed, according to research published in the Aug. 3 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Diet Appears to Influence Gut Bacteria Types

TUESDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- Gut bacteria may be different in children who eat a high-fiber, vegetation-based diet than in those who consume a typically Western, high-fat, high-sugar, low-fiber diet, and the bacteria may play a role in vulnerability to obesity and allergies, according to research published online Aug. 2 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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