Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Oncology for March 2008. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Imaging Predicts Malignant Transformation of Gliomas
FRIDAY, March 28 (HealthDay News) -- The malignant transformation of low-grade gliomas can be observed as far as a year in advance by assessing relative cerebral blood volume using magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, according to research published in the April issue of Radiology.
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Gastroenterology Group Updates Barrett's Guidelines
FRIDAY, March 28 (HealthDay News) -- With esophageal adenocarcinoma rates rising faster than those of melanoma, breast and prostate cancer, the American College of Gastroenterology has published new guidelines for diagnosing and treating Barrett's esophagus, the primary premalignant lesion for this cancer, in the March issue of the American Journal of Gastroenterology.
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Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials Lacking Among Teens
FRIDAY, March 28 (HealthDay News) -- While the participation of children in clinical trials has substantially improved childhood cancer survival rates, enrollment in cancer treatment clinical trials is lacking among 13- to 24-year-olds, according to two articles published in the April issue of The Lancet Oncology.
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Hair Dyes Linked to Risk of Bladder Cancer
THURSDAY, March 27 (HealthDay News) -- Hairdressers and barbers may be at an increased risk of bladder cancer, an occupational hazard due to exposure to carcinogens in some types of hair dyes, according to a special report published in the April issue of The Lancet Oncology.
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Hormone Therapy May Raise Risk in Breast Cancer Survivors
THURSDAY, March 27 (HealthDay News) -- Extended follow-up on women in a trial that had been halted early found that use of hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer survivors continued to be associated with an increased risk of new breast cancer, researchers report in the April 2 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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Drug Combination Effective for Multiple Myeloma
THURSDAY, March 27 (HealthDay News) -- Patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma have better response rates and longer time to progression when treated with thalidomide plus dexamethasone than dexamethasone alone, according to a report published online March 24 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Imaging Predicts Metastases After Prostate Cancer
THURSDAY, March 27 (HealthDay News) -- In men with prostate cancer, the diameter of extracapsular extension by MRI before radiation treatment is an important predictor of developing metastases, according to study findings published in the April issue of Radiology.
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PET Scans May Change Elderly Cancer Patient Management
THURSDAY, March 27 (HealthDay News) -- Physicians have changed their intended management of elderly cancer patients in about 37 percent of cases based on data from positron emission tomography (PET) studies, according to a report published online March 24 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Some Watchful Waiting OK for Human Papillomavirus
WEDNESDAY, March 26 (HealthDay News) -- In two studies in the April 2 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, researchers report on the usefulness of conventional cytology versus human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or more (CIN2+), as well as an assessment of the natural history of cervical HPV infection.
Abstract - Ronco
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Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Is Expensive to Treat
WEDNESDAY, March 26 (HealthDay News) -- In elderly patients, managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer is four times more costly than managing less-advanced bladder cancer, according to research published in the March issue of Urology.
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Sentinel Node Biopsies Rising, But Not Everyone Gets Them
WEDNESDAY, March 26 (HealthDay News) -- The use of sentinel lymph node biopsy -- an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection -- increased during a recent period in women with early-stage breast cancer, but a number of racial, socioeconomic and other factors were associated with a lower likelihood of having the procedure, according to research published in the April 2 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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Genetic Analysis Identifies Alleles Predisposing to Cancer
TUESDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- A genetic analysis of a large group of patients with cancers of the breast, prostate, and head and neck revealed a high frequency of germline homozygosity at specific sites, suggesting that these loci may represent cancer susceptibility genes, according to research published in the March 26 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Obesity Is a Barrier to Breast, Cervical Cancer Screening
TUESDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Women who are obese are less likely to undergo recommended screening for cervical and breast cancer, suggesting that efforts to improve screening should target this population, according to an article published online March 24 in Cancer.
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Mutations Linked to Panitumumab Ineffectiveness
TUESDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Before using panitumumab as monotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, physicians should consider whether their tumors have KRAS mutations, since only individuals with non-mutated KRAS responded to the drug, according to research published in the April 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Regression of Neuroblastoma in Infancy Common
TUESDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- Localized neuroblastoma in infancy often regresses spontaneously, and a watchful-waiting strategy that avoids chemotherapy and extensive surgery may be appropriate in some patients, according to new research published in the March 20 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Many New Cancer Treatments Superior to Old
TUESDAY, March 25 (HealthDay News) -- About 25 percent to 50 percent of new cancer treatments evaluated in phase 3 randomized clinical trials are shown to be better than established treatments, researchers report in the March 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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High-Risk Blacks Less Likely to Undergo Colonoscopy
MONDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- Among those with a family history of colon cancer, black patients are significantly less likely than white patients to undergo colonoscopy screening, according to research published in the March 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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No Cardiac Effects for Breast Cancer Treatment
MONDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- Dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel and trastuzumab for the treatment of HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer does not increase the incidence of cardiac events, according to study findings published in the March 10 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Neuronal Regulator Research Offers Cancer Clues
MONDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- The RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) -- a repressor of neuronal gene expression in non-neuronal lineages and a tumor suppressor in epithelial tissues -- is controlled by an Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex containing the F-box protein β-TRCP (SCFβ-TRCP), according to research published in the March 20 issue of Nature.
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Hormone Use Not Linked to Additional Breast Cancer
MONDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- Women who have had breast cancer appear to face little risk of a cancer in the other breast due to oral contraceptive or postmenopausal hormone therapy use, according to research published in the March 20 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Motivations for Participation in Clinical Trial Explored
MONDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- Women taking hormone replacement therapy who are not concerned about their risk of breast cancer are more likely to participate in a chemoprevention trial of tamoxifen than women with a greater level of worry, according to an article published in the March 20 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Trend Toward Survival Seen with Chemo in Liver Cancer
FRIDAY, March 21 (HealthDay News) -- Perioperative chemotherapy combined with surgery showed some benefit in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer compared with surgery alone, measured in progression-free survival, researchers report in the March 22 issue of The Lancet.
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Two Lancet Papers Offer Overviews of Leukemia
FRIDAY, March 21 (HealthDay News) -- Two types of leukemia that predominantly strike at the opposite ends of the age spectrum -- acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which peaks in prevalence between the ages of 2 and 5 years, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which is typically diagnosed in patients' 70s -- are the subject of overviews in the March 22 issue of The Lancet.
Abstract - Pui
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Abstract - Dighiero
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Dutch Doctors Make Increasing Use of Deep Sedation
FRIDAY, March 21 (HealthDay News) -- An increasing number of patients nearing death in the Netherlands are being put under continuous deep sedation, according to a report released March 20 in BMJ Online First.
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Study Explores Risk of Cancer After Lymphoma Treatment
FRIDAY, March 21 (HealthDay News) -- Among survivors of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the risk of developing subsequent treatment-related solid tumors remains elevated for up to 30 years after the initial diagnosis, according to an article first published online March 17 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Shared Supply Could Help Meet Cord Blood Stem Cell Demand
FRIDAY, March 21 (HealthDay News) -- In the United Kingdom, Virgin Health Bank's model of keeping one-fifth of cord blood for private use while making the remainder available for public use could help solve the supply problem, according to an analysis published in the March 22 issue of BMJ.
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Cryotherapy Effective in Localized Prostate Cancer
FRIDAY, March 21 (HealthDay News) -- In men with localized prostate cancer, cryosurgery alone provides long-term disease control equivalent to that of surgery and radiation with much milder side effects, according to a landmark study published in the March issue of Urology.
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Less Radiation Effective for Early Breast Cancer
THURSDAY, March 20 (HealthDay News) -- An overall lower radiation dose given in fewer fractions offers similar rates of tumor control and late adverse effects than the international standard for patients with early breast cancer, according to a report published online March 19 in The Lancet Oncology.
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Prostate Cancer Treatments Impact Quality of Life
WEDNESDAY, March 19 (HealthDay News) -- A study exploring quality of life of prostate cancer survivors sheds light on how treatment-specific complications impact patients' and their spouses' satisfaction with treatment outcomes, according to an article published in the March 20 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Treatment Factors Affect Cancer Patients' Quality of Life
WEDNESDAY, March 19 (HealthDay News) -- Factors that predict the quality of life for patients with head and neck cancer one year after initial treatment include treatment aspects, smoking and depressive symptoms, according to research published in the March issue of the Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery.
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Obesity Linked to Worse Prognosis in Breast Cancer
WEDNESDAY, March 19 (HealthDay News) -- A high body mass index (BMI) at the diagnosis of locally advanced breast cancer results in a poorer prognosis, according to research published in the March 15 issue of Clinical Cancer Research.
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Colonoscopy Guidelines After Polyp Removal May Be Flawed
TUESDAY, March 18 (HealthDay News) -- Current guidelines for postpolypectomy colonoscopy surveillance, based on whether the removed adenoma is a high-risk or low-risk lesion, have a limited ability to predict advanced adenoma recurrence, according to new study findings published in the March 18 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Pleural Changes Linked to Old Vermiculite Exposure
MONDAY, March 17 (HealthDay News) -- More than one-quarter of a group of employees who worked in a facility that handled the mineral vermiculite showed pleural changes in a 25-year follow-up study reported in the March 15 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
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Letrozole Boosts Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer
MONDAY, March 17 (HealthDay News) -- Elderly women with breast cancer have better disease-free survival after treatment with letrozole compared with tamoxifen, although they have more bone fractures, according to a report published online March 10 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Circulating Tumor Cells Raise Breast Cancer Relapse Risk
MONDAY, March 17 (HealthDay News) -- An increase of 10-fold or more in the number of circulating epithelial tumor cells during chemotherapy for breast cancer increases the risk of relapse, researchers report in the March 10 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Cruciferous Vegetables May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
MONDAY, March 17 (HealthDay News) -- A diet high in cruciferous vegetables may reduce breast cancer risk, and it may modify the effects of genetic predisposition to the disease, according to a report published in the March issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
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Survival in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Unaffected by Race
FRIDAY, March 14 (HealthDay News) -- Black children with Hodgkin's lymphoma have lower event-free survival but similar overall survival as white children with lymphoma, researchers report in the March 10 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Negative Breast Cancer Lymph Nodes Reclassified
FRIDAY, March 14 (HealthDay News) -- About one-quarter of invasive breast cancer axillary lymph nodes classified as negative in a 1970s study can now be reclassified as positive based on current pathologic protocols, according to a report published online March 10 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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CDC Reports Increased Colorectal Cancer Screening
FRIDAY, March 14 (HealthDay News) -- The use of recommended colorectal cancer screening tests for individuals aged 50 years and older increased between 2002 and 2006, officials from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report in the March 14 issue of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Late Letrozole Improves Breast Cancer Outcomes
THURSDAY, March 13 (HealthDay News) -- Women who receive letrozole after long-term treatment with adjuvant tamoxifen have better disease-free and distant disease-free survival compared with women who receive placebo, according to study findings published online March 10 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Regimen Has Favorable Results in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
THURSDAY, March 13 (HealthDay News) -- The use of 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan following chemotherapy with fludarabine and mitoxantrone was shown to be a well-tolerated, effective treatment in patients with follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, according to a report published online March 13 in The Lancet Oncology.
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Protein Implicated in Breast Cancer Metastasis
THURSDAY, March 13 (HealthDay News) -- The protein SATB1 appears to play an important role in breast cancer progression, and its expression in breast cancer cells leads to alterations in the expression of more than 1,000 genes, researchers report in the March 13 issue of Nature.
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Serum Estrogen Level Predicts Breast Cancer Recurrence
THURSDAY, March 13 (HealthDay News) -- In women treated for early-stage breast cancer, higher serum estrogen concentration is independently associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence, according to research published in the March issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
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Anti-Angiogenic Cancer Drug Linked to Kidney Injury
WEDNESDAY, March 12 (HealthDay News) -- Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been associated with thrombotic microangiopathy in the kidney, and a mouse model duplicating the injury pattern suggests that VEGF plays a protective role in the kidney, according to an article published in the March 13 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Anti-Cancer Drug Target Linked to Bone Defects
WEDNESDAY, March 12 (HealthDay News) -- Even brief treatment of young mice with an inhibitor of the Hedgehog cell signaling pathway, a target for anti-cancer drugs, leads to permanent defects in bone development, according to a report in the March issue of Cancer Cell.
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No Benefit of Chemotherapy Seen in Gastric Cancer Study
WEDNESDAY, March 12 (HealthDay News) -- Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery does not improve disease-free or overall survival in patients with completely resected gastric cancer, according to the results of a study published in the March 19 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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Exemestane Plus Celecoxib Analyzed in Breast Cancer
WEDNESDAY, March 12 (HealthDay News) -- Advanced breast cancer patients treated with exemestane alone or combined with celecoxib achieve similar rates of clinical benefit, although the median benefit duration is twice as long for combination treatment, researchers report in the March 10 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Surgeon Influences Kidney Cancer Surgical Technique
WEDNESDAY, March 12 (HealthDay News) -- A surgeon's practice style has more influence on whether a kidney cancer patient receives partial nephrectomy and laparoscopy than the characteristics of the cancer and patient, according to a report published online March 10 in the journal Cancer.
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Poll Finds That Physicians Often Sacrifice Sleep for Work
TUESDAY, March 11 (HealthDay News) -- Like the general population, many physicians admit that their work schedule prevents them from getting an optimal amount of sleep. But few of them report that sleepiness affects their work performance or ability to respond to other daily concerns, according to study findings published online in March in CHEST Physician.
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Prostate Biopsy Changes Affect Cancer Detection
TUESDAY, March 11 (HealthDay News) -- Changing prostate biopsy patterns since the early 1990s, particularly the use of lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, have reduced the predictive usefulness of PSA in cancer detection, according to a report published online March 10 in the journal Cancer.
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Survival Rates for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Rising
MONDAY, March 10 (HealthDay News) -- The prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma improved between the early 1990s and 2004, according to the results of a population-based period analysis published in the March 10 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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New Guidelines Issued for Von Willebrand Disease
MONDAY, March 10 (HealthDay News) -- New guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel, published in the March issue of Haemophilia, call for an individualized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease.
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Blood Levels of Genistein Linked to Breast Cancer Risk
MONDAY, March 10 (HealthDay News) -- Women with higher blood levels of the soy isoflavone genistein may have a significantly lower risk of developing breast cancer, according to study findings published online March 3 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Molecule Fights Cancer by Activating Tumor Suppressor
MONDAY, March 10 (HealthDay News) -- A molecule dubbed MI-219, which inhibits the interaction between tumor suppressor p53 and its primary cellular inhibitor MDM2, shows promise as a new anticancer agent, according to research published online March 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Prostate Biopsy Approaches Have Similar Detection Rates
MONDAY, March 10 (HealthDay News) -- Transperineal and transrectal approaches for prostate biopsy give similar cancer detection and complication rates in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, researchers report in the February issue of Urology.
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Dietary Supplement Use Common Among Chronically Ill
MONDAY, March 10 (HealthDay News) -- Cancer patients are more likely than their healthy counterparts to take vitamins and, overall, dietary supplement use is more common in people with all types of chronic illness than it is among healthy people, according to research published in the March issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, which also found that supplement use among cancer survivors is aimed at dealing with comorbid conditions.
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Chemotherapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Can Lower PSA
FRIDAY, March 7 (HealthDay News) -- Neoadjuvant docetaxel and capecitabine lowers prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in some high-risk prostate cancer patients and is well-tolerated, but is not associated with significant pathological changes, according to study findings published in the March issue of the Journal of Urology.
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GRADE System Useful for Recommending Cancer Therapy
FRIDAY, March 7 (HealthDay News) -- A system that takes into account the quality of evidence and risk-benefit profile of cancer treatments can be useful in making treatment recommendations in many cases, researchers report in the March 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Oncologists Less Involved in Care After Colorectal Cancer
THURSDAY, March 6 (HealthDay News) -- Elderly individuals see primary care providers (PCPs) more than oncologists after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and those who see only a PCP have less cancer-related screening, researchers report in the March 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Researchers Seek Genetic Basis for Fluorouracil Toxicity
THURSDAY, March 6 (HealthDay News) -- Several genetic polymorphisms were found to have a limited impact on fluorouracil toxicity during cancer treatment, but in males a strong interaction between the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene and sex increases the prediction of toxicity, according to research published online Feb. 25 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Isoflavone Extract Lowers Prostate-Specific Antigen Level
THURSDAY, March 6 (HealthDay News) -- A daily isoflavone extract significantly reduces prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men with elevated PSA levels and negative prostate biopsy, according to study findings published in the February issue of Urology.
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Bone Density Falls After Breast Cancer Treatment
THURSDAY, March 6 (HealthDay News) -- Breast cancer patients treated with anastrozole lose more bone mineral density but have a longer time to recurrence than patients treated with tamoxifen, according to two studies published in the March 1 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Abstract - Eastell
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Doctors Should Consider Ovarian Health in Imatinib Therapy
WEDNESDAY, March 5 (HealthDay News) -- Because of a potential link between imatinib therapy and ovarian failure, physicians should pay heed to patients' fertility and ovarian function before prescribing the drug, according to a letter published in the March 6 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Endoglin May Be Helpful in Finding Prostate Metastases
WEDNESDAY, March 5 (HealthDay News) -- Assessing plasma endoglin improves accuracy in predicting pelvic lymph node metastases in men with clinically localized prostate cancer, researchers report in the March 1 issue of Clinical Cancer Research.
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Aggressive Screening Benefits BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
WEDNESDAY, March 5 (HealthDay News) -- In asymptomatic BRCA1 gene mutation carriers, annual screening with combined mammography and MRI is an effective strategy for extending life span and reducing the risk of breast cancer mortality, according to a report published in the March issue of Radiology.
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Flat Colorectal Lesions Seen As Clinically Significant
TUESDAY, March 4 (HealthDay News) -- During routine colonoscopy, non-polypoid (flat and depressed) colorectal neoplasms are commonly observed and may have a stronger association with carcinoma than polypoid neoplasms, according to research published in the March 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Health Risks Persist After Hormone Therapy Suspension
TUESDAY, March 4 (HealthDay News) -- Women who stop taking estrogen plus progestin no longer have an increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to women who never received hormone therapy. But they may have an elevated risk of developing fatal and non-fatal malignancies, researchers report in the March 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Chemotherapy Switch No Value in Pancreatic Cancer
TUESDAY, March 4 (HealthDay News) -- In patients with resected pancreatic cancer, substituting systemic gemcitabine for fluorouracil before and after chemoradiation therapy is associated with a survival benefit that is not statistically significant, according to research published in the March 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Potential Marker for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma ID'd
TUESDAY, March 4 (HealthDay News) -- Cancer antigen 27.29, a soluble form of the glycoprotein MUC1 and an established tumor marker for breast cancer, also shows promise as a marker for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, according to a pilot study published in the March issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
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Breast Cancer Prediction Model Incorporates Density
TUESDAY, March 4 (HealthDay News) -- A prediction model that incorporates age, race, ethnicity, family history and breast density can be used to estimate a woman's five-year risk of developing breast cancer, according to an article published in the March 4 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Imaging Modalities Similar in Diagnosing Lung Cancer
MONDAY, March 3 (HealthDay News) -- In the diagnosis of malignant solitary pulmonary nodules, three cross-sectional imaging modalities -- dynamic contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and MRI; fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET); and technetium 99m (99mTc) depreotide single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) -- have negligible differences in performance, according to a meta-analysis published in the March issue of Radiology.
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