April 2006 Briefing - HIV & AIDS

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in HIV & AIDS for April 2006. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

Drug-Resistant HIV Can Persist in Postpartum Period

WEDNESDAY, April 26 (HealthDay News) -- Single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) for the prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission can give rise to nevirapine-resistant variants that persist for more than a year, according to a report published online April 25 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

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FDA Opposes Medical Marijuana

TUESDAY, April 25 (HealthDay News) -- Noting that voters in a growing number of states have backed measures legalizing marijuana smoking under physician supervision, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has taken a stand against the medical use of smoked marijuana.

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Most Physicians Would Halt Chemo at Patient's Request

MONDAY, April 24 (HealthDay News) -- The majority of physicians would halt chemotherapy if a terminal cancer patient insisted, but fewer would comply with a patient's request to speed death with drugs, according to a survey of physicians in six European countries and Australia published in the April 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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HIV Transmission Not Uncommon in U.S. Prison Inmates

FRIDAY, April 21 (HealthDay News) -- Although most HIV-positive male prison inmates are infected prior to incarceration, a significant number of them may become infected while serving their sentences, according to a study of Georgia prison inmates published in the April 21 issue of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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CDC Reports U.S. Death Rate Has Fallen to Record Low

THURSDAY, April 20 (HealthDay News) -- The United States death rate has fallen to a record low, life expectancy is increasing and the life expectancy gender gap is narrowing, according to a summary report, issued April 19 by the National Center for Health Statistics.

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Vitamin C Levels Depleted in HIV-Infected Youths

MONDAY, April 17 (HealthDay News) -- HIV-infected adolescents and young adults have lower plasma concentrations of vitamin C, but more vitamin E than uninfected youths, according to research published in the April issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

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Model Predicts Failure of HIV Treatment Interruptions

MONDAY, April 17 (HealthDay News) -- Viral dynamics in HIV-infected patients fluctuate in response to external perturbations such as structured treatment interruptions, possibly explaining why periodic interruptions in treatment often eventually fail, according to a mathematical model described in the April 15 issue of The Lancet.

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Genital Tract Shedding Differs for HIV-1 and HIV-2

FRIDAY, April 14 (HealthDay News) -- The difference in transmission rates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 may be partly due to a difference in the amount of virus shed in semen of infected individuals, according to a report in the April 4 issue of AIDS.

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Lamivudine-Resistant HIV Best Treated Without Interruption

THURSDAY, April 13 (HealthDay News) -- HIV-1 infected individuals harboring virus with a lamivudine-resistance mutation in reverse transcriptase (RT) have a better clinical outcome if lamivudine monotherapy is continued compared with complete treatment interruption, according to a report on a randomized pilot study in the April issue of AIDS.

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Poor Growth Hormone Response Seen in HIV+ Males

WEDNESDAY, April 12 (HealthDay News) -- Growth hormone deficiency is common in HIV-infected men with lipodystrophy and fat redistribution, according to a report in the April 4 issue of AIDS. Growth hormone augmentation might reduce cardiovascular risk in this population, although more study is needed, the authors suggest.

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Antibiotics Help HIV-Infected Women With Salpingitis

TUESDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- HIV-infected women with acute salpingitis respond to antibiotic treatment, but more slowly than uninfected women, according to research published in the April issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Steamy Media Linked to Early Sex Among White Teens

TUESDAY, April 4 (HealthDay News) -- White teens between the ages of 12 and 14 who are exposed to a heavy sexual media diet are more than twice as likely to have had sex at ages 14 to 16, according to a study in the April issue of Pediatrics.

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