Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Infectious Disease for May 2010. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Children Respond Well to Adjuvanted H1N1 Vaccine
FRIDAY, May 28 (HealthDay News) -- An adjuvanted split virion H1N1 vaccine is more immunogenic but is also associated with more reactions compared to a whole virion, non-adjuvanted vaccine in children, according to research published online May 27 in BMJ.
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CDC Outlines State Health-Care-Associated Infection Data
THURSDAY, May 27 (HealthDay News) -- The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention outlined state health-care-associated infection (HAI) data during a telebriefing on May 27 to coincide with a report in the May 28 issue of the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Antiretroviral Therapy Greatly Cuts HIV Partner Transmission
THURSDAY, May 27 (HealthDay News) -- In heterosexual HIV-1 patients, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners by 92 percent, according to research published online May 27 in The Lancet.
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Hepatitis B Carrier Status Tied to Increased Liver Cancer Risk
WEDNESDAY, May 26 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) have a substantially higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death than those not infected with the virus, according to a study in the May issue of Gastroenterology.
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Early Antibiotics in COPD Hospitalizations Beneficial
TUESDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients hospitalized for exacerbations of their illness who receive antibiotic treatment within the first two days of their hospitalization fare better than those who do not, according to research published in the May 26 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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H1N1 in Pregnant Women Is Serious Threat to Fetuses
TUESDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- Pregnant women admitted to the hospital with pandemic novel influenza A(H1N1) are at increased risk for abdominal and gastrointestinal symptoms, fetal distress and mortality, emergency cesarean delivery, and premature births, according to research published in the May 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Childhood Mortality Worldwide May Be Lower Than Thought
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Among children younger than 5, the annual global death toll may be 820,000 lower than the latest UNICEF estimate, as there has been progress in many poorer countries toward achieving the Millennium Development Goal 4 of reducing mortality in this age group by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015, according to an article published online May 24 in The Lancet.
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Alfalfa Sprouts Recalled Due to Salmonella Outbreak
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Caldwell Fresh Foods has issued a recall of raw alfalfa sprouts due to a Salmonella Newport outbreak in 10 states, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Recent Outbreak of Dengue in Key West Raises Concern
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- A recent outbreak of 28 dengue cases in Key West, Fla., should prompt clinicians to consider dengue in diagnosing patients who live in or have recently traveled to subtropical parts of the United States, according to a report published in the May 21 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Simplexa H1N1 Test Approved
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- The Simplexa diagnostic test to detect infection with the H1N1 "swine" flu virus has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the agency said Monday in a news release.
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On-Time Vaccinations in First Year Don't Hurt Development
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Children who are vaccinated on schedule in their first year of life exhibit neuropsychological development at ages 7 to 10 that is as good as or better than children who receive delayed vaccination or do not get vaccinated, according to a study published online May 24 in Pediatrics.
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Major Pool Code Violations Common in United States
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Swimming pool operation violations are relatively common in the United States, with almost one out of eight inspections resulting in immediate pool closure because of serious code violations, according to a report published in the May 21 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Low Phosphorus Linked to Early Death in HIV Therapy
MONDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Low blood phosphorus levels are associated with high death rates among HIV-infected patients beginning antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, according to a study published online May 18 in PLoS ONE.
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CISH Variants Associated With Infectious Diseases
WEDNESDAY, May 19 (HealthDay News) -- Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytokine-inducible SRC homology 2 (SH2) domain protein (CISH) are associated with greater susceptibility to bacteremia, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, according to research published online May 19 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Maternal Measles Antibodies Wane by 6 Months of Age
WEDNESDAY, May 19 (HealthDay News) -- Maternal measles antibodies wane quickly after birth, with nearly all babies losing maternal antibody protection by age 6 months, according to research published online May 18 in the BMJ.
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TB Global Fight Still Has a Way to Go
WEDNESDAY, May 19 (HealthDay News) -- Even though 36 million people worldwide were cured of tuberculosis and 6 million lives were saved between 1995 and 2008, the disease still takes a substantial toll and long-term goals for its eradication may not be met, according to a paper published online May 19 in The Lancet, the first in a series of papers on tuberculosis.
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Sagent Announces Recall of Metronidazole Injection
WEDNESDAY, May 19 (HealthDay News) -- Sagent Pharmaceuticals Inc. has announced a nationwide voluntary recall of all lots of metronidazole injection, USP 500 mg/100 mL, distributed by the company and manufactured by Claris Lifesciences, due to non-sterility in two lots of the product, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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Antibiotic Patterns for S. Aureus in Children Have Changed
MONDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- Since the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, antibiotic treatment for hospitalized children with S. aureus infections has changed dramatically, and clindamycin has become the primary antibiotic treatment for those infections, according to research published online May 17 in Pediatrics.
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FDA Clears Use of Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotarix
MONDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- The introduction of the RotaTeq (RV5) vaccine is associated with a reduction in hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis in children under 5, according to research published in the June 1 Journal of Infectious Diseases. And the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced that health care professionals can resume using the vaccine Rotarix, and continue using RotaTeq, to prevent rotavirus in children.
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Many General Internists Leave Field by Mid-Career
FRIDAY, May 14 (HealthDay News) -- Roughly one out of six general internists are leaving internal medicine by mid-career, a substantially higher proportion compared to internal medicine subspecialists, according to survey results published April 29 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.
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Neuropathic Pain Increases Related Medical Costs
FRIDAY, May 14 (HealthDay News) -- Common types of neuropathic pain, such as that associated with herpes zoster or diabetes, can add substantially to health care costs related to those conditions, according to a study reported in the April issue of the Journal of Pain.
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Sucrose or Glucose Before Shots Reduces Infants' Crying
THURSDAY, May 13 (HealthDay News) -- The administration of sucrose or glucose prior to immunization in infants aged 1 to 12 months reduces the incidence and duration of crying as well as pain scores, according to research published online May 12 in the Archives of Disease in Childhood.
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New FDA Program Targets Misleading Drug Advertising
WEDNESDAY, May 12 (HealthDay News) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has announced the launch of a new program to educate health care providers regarding their role in making certain that advertisements and promotions for prescription drugs are truthful and not misleading.
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Infections Cause Most Deaths in Children Under 5 Worldwide
WEDNESDAY, May 12 (HealthDay News) -- In 2008, there were an estimated 8.795 million deaths in children younger than 5 worldwide; infectious diseases caused more than two-thirds of these deaths, and almost half of them occurred in just five countries, according to an analysis published online May 12 in The Lancet.
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Benefits Found Lacking for High-Dose Proton Pump Inhibitors
TUESDAY, May 11 (HealthDay News) -- Treatment with high doses of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is not associated with reduced rates of rebleeding, surgical intervention, or death in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers compared to non-high-dose PPI treatment, according to a meta-analysis published in the May 10 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine alongside several other studies that explore the side effects associated with PPIs.
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CDC: California Increases HBV Vaccination in At-Risk Adults
FRIDAY, May 7 (HealthDay News) -- In California, a public health project initiative has increased hepatitis B vaccinations among at-risk adults. However, in the United States there is an increasing incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma -- which often results from hepatitis B infection, according to two reports published in the May 7 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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CDC Finds Rotavirus Vaccine Coverage Is Increasing
FRIDAY, May 7 (HealthDay News) -- Since routine rotavirus vaccination of infants began in February 2006, coverage has steadily increased but still lags behind coverage for other infant vaccines, according to a report published in the May 7 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Vaccine May Have Role in Dravet Onset; Does Not Cause Disease
THURSDAY, May 6 (HealthDay News) -- Pertussis vaccination may cause an earlier onset of Dravet syndrome in children who are destined to develop the disease because of a mutation, but the vaccine does not appear to affect outcomes and there is no reason to withhold it, according to research published online May 5 in The Lancet Neurology.
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WHO Committee Cites Major Gaps in H1N1 Knowledge
WEDNESDAY, May 5 (HealthDay News) -- Although researchers have obtained important information about the natural history and clinical management of 2009 H1N1 virus infection, considerable research gaps remain, according to a review published in the May 6 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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White Paper Addresses Pros and Cons of HPV Typing
WEDNESDAY, May 5 (HealthDay News) -- A new white paper -- "What is the Role of HPV Typing in the United States Now and in the Next Five Years in a Vaccinated Population?" -- provides guidance to clinicians about the administration of advanced screening technologies for cervical cancer prevention. The paper was published online April 24 in Gynecologic Oncology.
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Concomitant Vaccination Feasible in Adolescents
WEDNESDAY, May 5 (HealthDay News) -- In adolescents, co-administration of the Gardasil, Menactra, and Adacel vaccines is not associated with decreased safety, tolerability or immunogenicity of the individual vaccines, according to a study published online May 3 in Pediatrics.
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Pneumococcal Vaccine Not Found to Reduce Heart Risks
TUESDAY, May 4 (HealthDay News) -- In older men, receipt of pneumococcal
vaccine is not linked to a reduced risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, according to a study in the May 5 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Cost Barriers Hamper Herpes Zoster Vaccination of Seniors
TUESDAY, May 4 (HealthDay News) -- Though most physicians recommend the use of herpes zoster vaccine in older adults, they are hampered by its financial barriers, according to survey results published in the May 4 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine. A study in the same issue found that the vaccine is well tolerated in older adults.
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New Parasite Screening Test Approved
MONDAY, May 3 (HealthDay News) -- A new test that spots a deadly blood-borne parasite in donated blood, tissue or organs has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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