Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Neurology for August 2012. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
MRI Scanners Temporarily Impair Neurocognitive Function
FRIDAY, Aug. 31 (HealthDay News) -- Exposure to movement-induced time-varying magnetic fields within a static magnetic stray field of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, which is always present even if no imaging is taking place, temporarily impairs attention, concentration, and visuospatial orientation, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
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Little Evidence on Efficacy of Interventions in Autism
THURSDAY, Aug. 30 (HealthDay News) -- For adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders, few studies have assessed treatment approaches, and there is limited evidence available to support specific interventions, with most available studies of poor quality, according to a review published online Aug. 27 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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Only Female Gender Ups Stoke Risk in A-Fib Patients ≥75 Years
THURSDAY, Aug. 30 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), female gender increases the risk of stroke only in patients aged 75 years or older, according to a study presented at the annual European Society of Cardiology Congress, held from Aug. 25 to 29 in Munich.
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Cognitive Decline Worse for Women vs. Men in Alzheimer's
THURSDAY, Aug. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Women with Alzheimer's disease consistently experience greater cognitive deterioration than men, according to results from a meta-analysis published Aug. 23 in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology.
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Eating Chocolate May Lower Stroke Risk for Men
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 29 (HealthDay News) -- In men, moderate chocolate consumption on a regular basis may lower the risk of any type of stroke by about 17 to 19 percent, according to research published online Aug. 29 in Neurology.
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Lacunar Stroke Outcomes No Better With Dual Antiplatelets
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Treating patients with recent lacunar strokes with dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel plus aspirin) is not associated with a reduction in the risk of recurrent stroke, and correlates with significant increases in the risk of major hemorrhage and death, according to research published in the Aug. 30 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Five CSF Markers Differentiate Dementia, Parkinsonism
TUESDAY, Aug. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Levels of five different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are able to improve differentiation between common dementia and parkinsonian disorders, according to a study published online Aug. 27 in the Archives of Neurology.
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Teenage Pot Use Linked to Neuropsychological Decline
MONDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Persistent marijuana use is associated with neuropsychological decline, with those who start regularly using marijuana as teenagers experiencing greater declines in neuropsychological function than those who start later, and function is not fully restored even if they eventually quit, according to a study published online Aug. 27 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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In Acute Ischemic Stroke, New Devices Top Merci Retriever
MONDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- New devices may be superior to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved Merci Retriever for flow restoration in acute ischemic stroke, according to two studies published online Aug. 26 in The Lancet to coincide with presentation at the annual European Society of Cardiology Congress, held from Aug. 25 to 29 in Munich.
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Reasoning Training Alters Brain Microstructure
MONDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- People taking an intensive course to prepare for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), which requires strong reasoning skills, have changes in the microstructure of brain white matter, according to a study published online Aug. 22 in Frontiers in Neuroanatomy.
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Mild Cognitive Decline in Nearly Half Lacunar Stroke Patients
MONDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is present in nearly half of patients with lacunar stroke, according to a study published online Aug. 18 in the Annals of Neurology.
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Prasugrel, Clopidogrel Similar for Acute Coronary Syndromes
MONDAY, Aug. 27 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation who do not undergo revascularization, intensified platelet inhibition with prasugrel does not reduce the frequency of the primary end point (death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and has similar risks of bleeding as clopidogrel, according to a study published online Aug. 26 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with presentation at the annual European Society of Cardiology Congress, held from Aug. 25 to 29 in Munich.
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Anorexics Overestimate Own Body Size, but Not That of Others
FRIDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) tend to overestimate the size of their body but not the bodies of others, basing their weight and body dimensions on their pre-AN body dimensions, according to research published online Aug. 22 in PLoS One.
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Deep Brain Stimulation Could Treat Obesity
FRIDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- Deep brain stimulation that targets the reward centers of the brain rather than only feeding behaviors could be effective in treating obesity, according to a review published in the August issue of Neurosurgery.
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Procedure Aids Severe, Rigid Scoliosis in Low-Weight Adults
FRIDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with severe and rigid scoliosis and low body weight, a two-stage vertebral column resection (VCR) procedure with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation can achieve good correction of scoliosis, according to a study published online Aug. 20 in The Spine Journal.
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Muscle-Related Statin Effects Seem to Correlate With Potency
FRIDAY, Aug. 24 (HealthDay News) -- The rates of muscle-related adverse effects (AEs) differ greatly for various statins, with the highest reported rates seen for rosuvastatin, according to research published online Aug. 22 in PLoS One.
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Neti Pots Linked to Deaths From Amebic Infection
THURSDAY, Aug. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Two patients who died of an amebic infection had no history of freshwater exposure but had ameba in their household plumbing and used a nasal irrigation device for sinus problems, according to a study published online Aug. 22 in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
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Study Casts Doubts on Brain Regions for Self-Awareness
THURSDAY, Aug. 23 (HealthDay News) -- The case of a self-aware man with extensive damage to brain regions thought to be critical for self-awareness suggests that a more diffuse brain network and other brain networks are involved, according to a study published online Aug. 22 in PLoS One.
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Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency Not Specific to MS
THURSDAY, Aug. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Changes in brain blood flow associated with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) are not specific for multiple sclerosis (MS) and do not correlate with its severity, according to a study published online Aug. 21 in Radiology.
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Mindfulness Stress Reduction Reduces Loneliness in Elderly
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 22 (HealthDay News) -- An eight-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program reduces loneliness compared with a wait-list control, and also reduces pro-inflammatory gene expression in older adults, according to a study published online July 20 in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
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Evidence-Based Public Health Interventions Identified
TUESDAY, Aug. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Evidence-based public health interventions to improve dietary habits, increase physical activity, and reduce tobacco use are identified in an American Heart Association scientific statement published online Aug. 20 in Circulation.
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Study Identifies Sleep Apnea in 50 Percent of Women
TUESDAY, Aug. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Half of adult women aged 20 to 70 years may have obstructive sleep apnea, which correlates with age, obesity, and hypertension, according to a study published online Aug. 16 in the European Respiratory Journal.
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Increased Stroke Risk at 30-Days Post-CABG Versus PCI
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- The risk of stroke at 30 days is significantly higher in patients who undergo coronary revascularization with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery compared to those who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), according to research published in the Aug. 28 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
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Brain Damage Linked to Believing Misleading Ads
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Damage to a particular region of the brain makes individuals more likely to believe a misleading advertisement, which could explain why some elderly fall for fraud schemes, according to a study published online July 9 in Frontiers in Decision Neuroscience.
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Obesity Plus Metabolic Factors Speeds Up Cognitive Decline
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- For individuals who are metabolically abnormal, increasing body mass index (BMI) correlates with faster cognitive decline, according to a study published in the Aug. 21 issue of Neurology.
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2012 Indicators of Well-Being for Older Americans Issued
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- The estimates of selected indicators for well-being for older Americans for 2012 have been released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics.
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Karate Black Belts Have Differences in Brain Structure
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Black belts in karate have differences in white matter brain structure that are associated with their voluntary control of movement, according to a study published online Aug. 14 in Cerebral Cortex.
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Cognitive Deficits Seen for Infants Exposed to Anesthesia
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Anesthesia exposure before the age of 3 years is associated with deficits in language and abstract reasoning in children at age 10, according to a study published online Aug. 20 in Pediatrics.
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Study Shows 'SuperAgers' Have Thicker Cortex, No Atrophy
MONDAY, Aug. 20 (HealthDay News) -- 'SuperAgers,' individuals over the age of 80 with episodic memory performance as good as normative values for 50- to 65-year-olds, do exist, and they have a thicker cerebral cortex, with no atrophy, according to a study published online Aug. 16 in the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.
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Study Links Eating Egg Yolks With Carotid Plaque Area
FRIDAY, Aug. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Eating three or more egg yolks, which are high in cholesterol, per week may increase the rate of carotid plaque area build-up, according to a study published online Aug. 10 in Atherosclerosis.
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Study Affirms Marijuana, 'Spice' Harmful in Pregnancy
FRIDAY, Aug. 17 (HealthDay News) -- Exocannabinoids, such as the major psychoactive component of marijuana, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), interfere with the function of the endocannabinoid system, present in the developing central nervous system from conception onward, according to a study published online Aug. 13 in Drug Testing and Analysis.
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Brain Measurements Predict Age With 92 Percent Accuracy
THURSDAY, Aug. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Using measurements of more than 200 structural features of the brain, a child's age can be predicted with over 92 percent accuracy, according to a study published online Aug. 16 in Current Biology.
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Post-Intracerebral Bleed, BP Control Poorer for Blacks
THURSDAY, Aug. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Blood pressure (BP) control is poor at 30 days and one year after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), particularly among black patients, according to a study published online Aug. 16 in Stroke.
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Brain's 'Glymphatic' System Clears Interstitial Solutes
THURSDAY, Aug. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Similar to the lymphatic system, the brain also contains a newly discovered system to drain waste, dubbed the "glymphatic" system, which may clear proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, according to a study published in the Aug. 15 issue of Science Translational Medicine.
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Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Stroke Risk in A-Fib
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 15 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with atrial fibrillation who have chronic kidney disease are at higher risk of stroke or systemic thromboembolism and bleeding, according to a study published in the Aug. 16 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Familial Dementia Risk Linked to C-Reactive Protein Levels
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 15 (HealthDay News) -- The relatives of cognitively intact elderly men with high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), have a reduced risk of dementia, according to a study published online Aug. 15 in Neurology.
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Hospital Deaths From Head Trauma Higher on Weekends
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 15 (HealthDay News) -- Older adults admitted for substantial head trauma during a weekend have a significantly increased mortality risk compared to those admitted on a weekday, according to a study published online July 9 in the Journal of Surgical Research.
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Genetic Features Identified in Tourette's Syndrome, OCD
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Specific genetic variants and features may be factors for Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), according to two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) published online Aug. 14 in Molecular Psychiatry.
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Cocoa Flavanols May Improve Cognitive Function in Elderly
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Regular consumption of cocoa flavanols may be associated with improved cognitive functioning in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment, according to a study published online Aug. 13 in Hypertension.
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Poor Follow-Up of Hospital Tests Often Due to Late Orders
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Poor follow-up of test results at or after discharge from the hospital is often due to tests requested on the day of discharge, according to a letter to the editor published online Aug. 13 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Pregnancy Ups Bleed Risk From Abnormal Brain Blood Vessels
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Women with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the brain have a significantly increased risk of rupture and bleeding during pregnancy, according to a study published in the August issue of Neurosurgery.
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Atypical Functional Brain Activation Seen in Leukoaraiosis
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Leukoaraiosis correlates with atypical functional activation during semantic decision tasks, according to a study published online Aug. 13 in Radiology.
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Novel System Improves Retinal Prostheses in Mouse Model
TUESDAY, Aug. 14 (HealthDay News) -- A visual prosthetic that mimics normal retinal processing is able to improve retinal prosthetic capability in a mouse model of retinal degeneration, according to a study published online Aug. 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Device Reduces Epileptic Seizure Duration in Rats
FRIDAY, Aug. 10 (HealthDay News) -- A device that applies electrical stimulation to the brain in response to a seizure considerably reduces seizure length in a rat model of epilepsy, according to a study published in the Aug. 10 issue of Science.
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Benefits of Bilingualism Apply With Minority Language
FRIDAY, Aug. 10 (HealthDay News) -- The development of two languages, including situations where one is a minority language, is beneficial for cognitive development in children, according to a study published in the International Journal of Bilingualism.
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Good Stability With Artificial Disc Plus Cage Fusion
FRIDAY, Aug. 10 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with multi-level cervical disc herniation, artificial cervical disc replacement and adjacent segment cage fusion achieves definite stabilization and satisfactory mobility, according to research published online July 24 in the Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques.
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Underinsurance Tied to Higher Death Risk After Cardio Events
FRIDAY, Aug. 10 (HealthDay News) -- Being underinsured correlates with increased mortality after acute cardiovascular events, while race is not associated with increased mortality, according to a study published online July 21 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.
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Statin Benefits Outweigh Risk of Developing Diabetes
FRIDAY, Aug. 10 (HealthDay News) -- Statins increase the risk of developing diabetes, but only in individuals already at risk of the disease, and the benefits of statins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death outweigh the risks, according to a study published in the Aug. 11 issue of The Lancet.
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High IgE Levels Inversely Associated With Risk of Glioma
THURSDAY, Aug. 9 (HealthDay News) -- There appears to be an inverse relationship between elevated allergy biomarker levels (immunoglobulin E [IgE]) and the risk of developing glioma, which is detectable many years before tumor diagnosis, according to a study published online Aug. 1 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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No Increased Risk of Stroke After Spinal Fusion Surgery
THURSDAY, Aug. 9 (HealthDay News) -- In the three years following spinal fusion surgery, the incidence of stroke is similar to or insignificantly lower than that of controls, according to a study published in the June issue of The Spine Journal.
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Left Pars-Opercularis Altered in Persistent Stuttering
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- The left pars-opercularis (PO) appears to be the region of the brain responsible for speech-language processes that is altered in patients with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS), according to a study published online Aug. 8 in Neurology.
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Abnormal Brain Activity Seen in Hoarding Disorder
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with hoarding disorder (HD) display stimulus-dependent abnormal neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and insula that is not present in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or in healthy control individuals, according to research published in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Behavior Therapy for Tics Improves Tourette's Symptoms
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is effective for treating adults with Tourette syndrome, according to a study published in the August issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Racial Disparity in CT Use for Children With Head Trauma
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Minority children with minor blunt head trauma and low or intermediate risk for clinically important traumatic brain injury are significantly less likely to receive cranial computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department than their nonminority peers with the same risk, according to a study published in the August issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
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Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Ups Cognition in Elderly
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) improves cognition in healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), according to a study published online Aug. 6 in the Archives of Neurology.
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Global Brain Connectivity Linked to Intelligence
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 8 (HealthDay News) -- The activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex of the brain and its level of connectivity with other brain regions predicts intelligence, according to a study published in the June 27 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience.
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Complex Inheritance Usual in Vasovagal Syncope
MONDAY, Aug. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Complex inheritance is usual in vasovagal syncope, with major autosomal dominance less common, according to a study published in the Aug. 7 issue of Neurology.
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Cortical Surface Area Maturation Delayed in ADHD
MONDAY, Aug. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Compared with typically developing children, cortical surface area development is delayed in those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), according to a study published in the Aug. 1 issue of Biological Psychiatry.
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Alzheimer's Cognitive Decline Slows in Advanced Age
FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (HealthDay News) -- The rates of cognitive decline and atrophy characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) decrease with advancing age, while cognitively healthy individuals show increased rates, according to a study published online Aug. 2 in PLoS One.
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Pets May Be Beneficial for Individuals With Autism
THURSDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with autism display some improvement in prosocial behaviors after the arrival of a pet in their homes, according to research published online Aug. 1 in PLoS One.
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Clinicians Can Unintentionally Prompt Nocebo Effect
THURSDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- The nocebo effect, or induction of a symptom perceived as negative by sham treatment and/or the suggestion of negative expectation, may arise from suggestions by doctors and nurses, according to a study published in Deutsches Ärzteblatt International.
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Alzheimer's Peptides Beneficial in Multiple Sclerosis Model
THURSDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Peptides that play a key role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease have been found to reduce motor paralysis and brain inflammation in mouse models of multiple sclerosis (MS), according to an experimental study published in the Aug. 1 issue of Science Translational Medicine.
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Taxane-Induced Neuropathy Not Tied to Breast Cancer Outcome
THURSDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with operable breast cancer, peripheral neuropathy due to adjuvant taxane therapy does not correlate with improved outcomes, according to research published online July 30 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Caffeine Has Positive Effect on Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Caffeine has a limited effect on excessive daytime somnolence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but is associated with an improvement in objective motor measures, according to a study published online Aug. 1 in Neurology.
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Ongoing Musical Activity Preserves Cognitive Function
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Musical activity predicts variation in cognitive aging, according to a study published online July 19 in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.
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Adding Radiation Aids Pediatric Nonmetastatic Medulloblastoma
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Compared with postoperative chemotherapy alone, adding conformal radiation therapy (CRT) to induction chemotherapy for the treatment of young children with nonmetastatic medulloblastoma increases event-free survival (EFS), according to a study published online July 30 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Monitoring Development Is Key in Congenital Heart Disease
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk of developmental disorders or disabilities and developmental delay, and consequently benefit from periodic developmental surveillance, screening, evaluation, and reevaluation to identify significant deficits, according to an American Heart Association scientific statement published online July 30 in Circulation.
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Brain Connectivity Altered in Type 2 Diabetes
WEDNESDAY, Aug. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reduced functional connectivity in the default mode network, which is associated with insulin resistance in some brain regions, according to a study published online July 26 in Diabetes.
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