September 2011 Briefing - Neurology

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Neurology for September 2011. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

Topiramate Effective in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Topiramate effectively improves avoidance/numbing symptom clusters and re-experiencing of symptoms in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to a study published in the October issue of CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics.

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Better Outcomes for Cervical Spine Arthroplasty Than Fusion

FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- For treatment of single-level degenerative cervical disc disease, the use of cervical disc arthroplasty is associated with significantly superior outcomes at 48 months versus anterior cervical discectomy with fusion, according to a study published in the Sept. 21 issue of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery.

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Single High-Dose Psilocybin Linked to Increase in Openness

FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- A single dose of psilocybin is sufficient to produce significant increases in the personality domain of openness, which persists after a year, according to a study published online Sept. 28 in the Journal of Psychopharmacology.

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Spinal MRI Reviewer Accuracy Equal Across Training Levels

FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Doctors at multiple levels of training can accurately and efficiently interpret the integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), according to a study published in the August issue of The Spine Journal.

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Doctors, Patients Identify Tacit Clues in Their Interactions

FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Both doctors and patients identify tacit clues as well as judgments based on these clues during video elicitation interviews of health maintenance examinations, according to a study published in the October issue of the Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.

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Physical Activity Tied to Excess Eating Via Executive Function

FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Physical activity indirectly modifies eating behavior and may suppress overeating by strengthening executive function, according to a review published in the October issue of Obesity Reviews.

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Prehypertension Tied to Higher Risk of Incident Stroke

THURSDAY, Sept. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with prehypertension are at significant risk of incident stroke, with the risk increasing substantially among those with higher prehypertensive values, according to a meta-analysis published online Sept. 28 in Neurology.

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Cognition Similar for Standard, Intensive Glycemic Control

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Intensive glycemic lowering is not better than standard glycemic control for preventing cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes, despite a higher total brain volume, according to a study published online Sept. 28 in The Lancet Neurology.

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AHA: Tools, Challenges for Assessing Adiposity Identified

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) should be used as primary tools for assessing adiposity, according to an American Heart Association scientific statement published online Sept. 26 in Circulation.

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Elderly Recover Adequately After Cervical Laminoplasty

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Elderly patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) can benefit from laminoplasty and have adequate recoveries in terms of achieved Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores for cervical myelopathy, according to a study published online Sept. 8 in Spine.

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U.S. Docs Feel They Give More Patient Care Than Required

TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Many primary care physicians in the United States believe that their patients are receiving too much medical care, and that the pressure to do more than is necessary could be reduced by malpractice reform, adjusting financial incentives, and spending more time with patients, according to a study published in the Sept. 26 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Benefits, Harms With Off-Label Atypical Antipsychotic Use

TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- There are varying benefits and adverse effects from using atypical antipsychotic medications for conditions which do not have labeling and marketing approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (off-label), according to a meta-analysis published in the Sept. 28 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Vitamin B12 Markers Tied to Cognition, Brain Volume

TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Serum vitamin B12 markers are associated with total brain volume and global cognitive function, with homocysteine affecting global cognitive performance and methylmalonate affecting total brain volume, according to a study published in the Sept. 27 issue of Neurology.

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Reasons for Referral to Specific Docs Differ Among Physicians

TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Primary care physicians (PCPs) and medical and surgical specialists differ in their reasons for selecting specific colleagues for referrals, with PCPs more concerned about physician communication and medical record sharing than specialists, according to a study published online Sept. 16 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

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Lower Walking Speed, Altered Gait in Overweight Women

MONDAY, Sept. 26 (HealthDay News) -- Overweight, older women have altered gait and reduced walking performance due to poor relative strength and rate of torque development (RTD) of lower-extremity muscles compared to older women of normal weight, according to a study published in the October issue of the Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology.

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Multilevel Hemilaminectomy Economical for Lumbar Stenosis

FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Multilevel hemilaminectomy is a cost-effective treatment for lumbar stenosis-associated radiculopathy, and it improves pain, disability, and quality of life among patients, according to a study published in the August issue of The Spine Journal.

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Cardiac Rehab Effective for Secondary Prevention After TIA

FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CCR) is effective for patients who have sustained a transient ischemic attack or mild, non-disabling stroke (TIA/MNDS) resulting in significant, favorable outcomes in vascular risk factors including aerobic capacity, total cholesterol, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein percentage, triglycerides, waist circumference, body mass index, and body weight, according to a study published online Sept. 22 in Stroke.

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MRI-Induced Nystagmus Linked to Labyrinthine Function

FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with intact labyrinthine function experience nystagmus in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, according to a study published online Sept. 22 in Current Biology.

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GGGGCC Repeat in C9ORF72 ID'd As Genetic Cause of ALS

THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the non-coding region of C9ORF72 gene on chromosome 9p21 is the most common genetic abnormality in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a large FTD/ALS kindred; and, it is the underlying cause of a considerable proportion of familial and sporadic ALS in a Finnish population, according to two studies published online Sept. 21 in Neuron.

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Stroke Outcomes Similar With CT-Perfusion, Time Criteria

THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with ischemic stroke, use of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)-based criteria for selecting patients for endovascular treatment has similar rates of functional outcome and intracranial hemorrhage compared to time-guided selection, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the Journal of Neurointerventional Surgery.

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Aortic Arch Plaques More Prevalent in Aortic Stenosis

THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have a greater prevalence of aortic arch plaques and complex arch plaques, with the presence of complex plaques independently associated with the risk of cerebral infarction, according to a study published in the Oct. 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.

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Schizophrenia, Epilepsy Share Bidirectional Relationship

THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Schizophrenia and epilepsy share a bidirectional relationship, with patients with epilepsy more likely to develop schizophrenia, and those with schizophrenia more likely to develop epilepsy, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in Epilepsia.

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Circulating Glucose Levels Impact Responses to Food Cues

THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Mild hypoglycemia activates limbic-striatal brain regions in response to food cues resulting in a increased desire for high-calorie food, whereas higher circulating glucose levels predict increased medial prefrontal cortex activation, a response which is absent in obese individuals, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

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PKCε Regulates Nicotinic Behavior Response in Mice

THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Mice lacking protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) show lower nicotine consumption and decreased conditioned place preference for nicotine, according to an experimental study published in the Sept. 20 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Group Living Homes Provide Good Care for Patients With Dementia

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Group living homes for older people with dementia provide good care, and stimulate the values of attentiveness and responsiveness, but residents, family, and nursing staff may disagree on the phases of taking responsibility for care, and performing care-giving activities, according to a study published in the September issue of the Journal of Clinical Nursing.

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Depression Significantly Ups Stroke Morbidity, Mortality

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Depression is linked to a significantly increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality, according to a review published in the Sept. 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Mortality Up in Hospitals With More Minority Trauma Patients

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- The odds of in-hospital mortality for trauma patients are associated with the proportion of minority patients in the hospital, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the Archives of Surgery.

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Model Predicts Erectile Function After Prostate Cancer Therapy

TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Erectile function two years after prostate cancer treatment can be predicted based on patient and treatment characteristics, according to a study published in the Sept. 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Cognitive Behavior Therapy, SRIs Improve OCD Treatment

TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) together with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) is a better treatment for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) than medication management alone, according to a study published in the Sept. 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Lower Sudden Death Risk With Add-On Antiepileptic Therapy

TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with refractory epilepsy who are treated with adjunctive antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at efficacious doses may have lower incidence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) compared with those receiving a placebo, according to a meta-analysis published online Sept. 20 in The Lancet Neurology.

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Diabetes Ups Risk of All-Cause Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease

TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) than those with normal glucose tolerance, with elevated two-hour postload glucose (PG) but not fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels associated with the increased risk, according to a study published in the Sept. 20 issue of Neurology.

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No Long-Term Cognitive Effect of Fatty Acids Found in Infants

MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation has no effect on children's cognition after age 9; however, a high percentage of breastfeeding and exposure to higher levels of LCPUFA during the first 14 months is positively associated with child mental development, according to two studies published online Sept. 19 in Pediatrics.

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Work Intensity Similar Across Physician Specialties

MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- The level of physician work intensity appears to be similar among specialties, with variations in the specific dimensions of stress, physical demands, performance, and temporal demand, according to a study published online Sept. 3 in Medical Care.

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MS-Related Disorders ID'd by Proteomic Pattern Analysis

MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Proteomic pattern analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI) mass spectrometry distinguishes between similar multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disorders, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in the Annals of Neurology.

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Female Genital Stimulation Acts on Distinct Sensory Areas

MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Clitoral, vaginal, cervical, and nipple self-stimulation activates specific, distinct sensory cortical regions, according to a study published online July 28 in The Journal of Sexual Medicine.

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Increased Basal Ganglia Gray Matter in Rheumatoid Arthritis

MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased gray matter in the basal ganglia, especially in the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, but not changes in the cortical gray matter, according to a study published online Sept. 8 in Arthritis & Rheumatism.

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Liver X Receptor Agonist Ups Glioblastoma Cell Death

FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists cause inducible degrader of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)(IDOL)-mediated LDLR degradation and elevated expression of the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux transporter, which promotes cell death in a glioblastoma model, according to an experimental study published online Sept. 15 in Cancer Discovery.

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Treatable Disorders Often Misdiagnosed As Creutzfeldt-Jakob

FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with potentially treatable disorders may be misdiagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), according to a study published in the September issue of the Annals of Neurology.

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Statins After Ischemic Stroke Not Tied to Brain Hemorrhage

FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Exposure to statins after acute ischemic stroke is not associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), according to a study published online Sept. 12 in the Archives of Neurology.

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Subjective Memory Complaints Herald Cognitive Issues in Elderly

FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Specific subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are associated with increased odds of cognitive impairment in older adults, according to a study published online Sept. 15 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

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White Fruits, Vegetables Tied to Lower Incident Stroke Risk

FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Higher consumption of white fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of incident stroke, according to a study published online Sept. 15 in Stroke.

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Surgery Effective for Subaxial Cervical Synovial Cysts

THURSDAY, Sept. 15 (HealthDay News) -- Surgical resection can be an effective treatment for patients presenting with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy who have a subaxial cervical synovial cyst with minimal postoperative complications, according to a study published in the Sept. 15 issue of Spine.

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Optic Radiation Delineated by Tractography During Surgery

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Optic radiation during anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) can be delineated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography, and propagated onto postoperative images during neurosurgery, according to a study published online Sept. 2 in the Annals of Neurology.

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FUS, TDP-43 Combined Activity Disrupted in ALS, Dementia

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- The RNA/DNA-binding proteins fused in sarcoma (FUS, also known as TLS) and TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) function together in vivo in a common genetic pathway in neurons, and mutations in either protein may disrupt the combined activities of both of these proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), according to an experimental study published online Sept. 1 in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.

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Many Mistakenly Believe FDA OKs Only Safe, Effective Drugs

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- A considerable proportion of the U.S. public mistakenly believes that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves only effective and safe drugs, but providing consumer explanations can lead to better drug choices, according to a study published in the Sept. 12 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Erectile Dysfunction Ups Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Erectile dysfunction (ED) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality, according to a meta-analysis published in the Sept. 20 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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Abnormal Hippocampal Blood Flow Persists in Gulf War Vets

TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- For Gulf War veterans with specific syndromes, abnormal hippocampal blood flow persists, and in some cases worsens, 11 years after initial testing, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in Radiology.

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Febrile Seizures Tied to Systemic Respiratory Alkalosis

TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Febrile seizures (FS) in children are associated with systemic respiratory alkalosis, and the lack of FS in children with gastroenteritis (GE) may be attributable to the low pH in GE, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in Epilepsia.

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Insulin Therapy May Slow Alzheimer's Progression

TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Intranasal administration of insulin may delay or improve cognitive decline, functional ability, and cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer's disease, according to research published online Sept. 12 in the Archives of Neurology.

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Dyslipidemia Ups Neuritic Plaque Risk in Alzheimer's

TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- An abnormal lipid profile with high levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is significantly associated with neuritic plaque (NP)-type Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in a general Japanese cohort, according to a study published in the Sept. 13 issue of Neurology.

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Fast-Paced TV Impairs Executive Function in Prechoolers

MONDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- Watching fast-paced television shows is associated with immediate impairment in the executive function of children aged 4 years, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in Pediatrics.

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MRI Identifies Brain Region Differences in Autism

FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- The brains of children with autism exhibit different structural organization in multiple regions, which can be distinguished using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, according to a study published online Sept. 5 in Biological Psychiatry.

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Opioid Delivery to Olfactory Region Ups Therapeutic Effects

FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Administration of opioids directly to the nasal olfactory region results in a larger fraction of drug being delivered to the central nervous system (CNS) and a significantly higher therapeutic effect without an increase in plasma drug exposure compared to drug delivery to the nasal respiratory region in rats, according to an experimental study published in the September issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia.

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Arterial Calcification Tied to Vascular Brain Disease

FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Arterial calcification in various vessel beds is associated with larger white matter lesion (WML) volume and the presence of cerebral infarcts, according to a study published online Aug. 25 in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.

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Cognitive, Not Bio, Markers Predictive of Cognitive Decline

THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Cognitive markers are more effective predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease than biomarkers, according to a study published in the September issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

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Comparative Efficacy Proposed for European Drug Approval

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- New drugs should be compared with existing treatments instead of placebo before their approval in Europe, according to a report published online Sept. 6 in the BMJ.

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Stenting Inferior to Aggressive Medical Management in Stroke

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Medical management alone is better at preventing recurrent stroke for patients with intracranial arterial stenosis than in combination with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS), according to a study published online Sept. 7 in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Medical Students Show Racial, Cultural Patient Preference

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Medical students may have a preferential bias toward whites and wealthier patients, but this does not appear to influence their clinical decision making or physician-patient interactions, according to a study published in the Sept. 7 medical education-themed issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Odds of Board Certification Vary in New Doctors

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Certification of recent U.S. medical school graduates by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) varies across specialties by educational and demographic factors, according to a study published in the Sept. 7 medical education-themed issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Psychogenic Seizure Diagnosis Often Delayed in U.S. Veterans

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Compared to civilians, U.S. veterans suffer a substantial delay in the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), which is associated with greater cumulative antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, according to a study published in the Sept. 6 issue of Neurology.

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Many Hospital Staff Uniforms Contaminated With Bacteria

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- More than 60 percent of hospital staff uniforms are contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant species, according to a study published in the September issue of the American Journal of Infection Control.

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Immunoadsorption Therapy Effective in E. coli-Induced HUS

TUESDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- Immunoadsorption of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies can safely be used to treat neurological complications in patients with Escherichia coli (E. coli) O104:H4-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), according to a study published online Sept. 5 in The Lancet.

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Increase in Child/Young Adult Stroke Hospitalization Rate

TUESDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- The rates of hospitalization due to acute ischemic stroke increased in children and young adults of all age and gender groups from 1995 to 2008, except females aged 5 to 14 years, according to a study published online Sept. 2 in the Annals of Neurology.

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UBQLN2 Mutations Tied to X-Linked ALS and ALS/Dementia

FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Mutations in the UBQLN2 gene are associated with dominant X-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ALS-linked dementia, according to a letter published online Aug. 21 in Nature.

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Cerebrovascular Pathologies Tied to Mild Parkinsonian Signs

FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Cerebrovascular pathologies, such as macroscopic infarcts, microinfarcts, and arteriolosclerosis, are associated with mild parkinsonian signs in old age, particularly parkinsonian gait, according to a study published online Sept. 1 in Stroke.

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Simvastatin Neuroprotective for Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rats

FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Simvastatin significantly reduces hindlimb motor dysfunction, and reduces white- and gray-matter injury 24 to 48 hours after reperfusion in rats with spinal cord ischemia, according to an experimental study published in the September issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia.

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Lower Sleep-Time BP Indicates Reduced Cardiovascular Risk

FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- The asleep blood pressure mean, determined by ambulatory monitoring, independently predicts cardiovascular risk, with a progressive decrease in asleep blood pressure predicting a significantly reduced cardiovascular risk, according to a study published in the Sept. 6 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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Childhood Delayed Gratification Tied to Later Impulse Control

THURSDAY, Sept. 1 (HealthDay News) -- The ability to delay gratification early in life is indicative of neurological differences which may affect how individuals regulate their behavior years later, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Success With Valproic Acid for Glioblastoma With TMZ Therapy

THURSDAY, Sept. 1 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with glioblastoma requiring antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemoradiotherapy have an improved overall survival with valproic acid (VPA) than with an enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drug (EIAED), according to a study published online Aug. 31 in Neurology.

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IDH1 Mutations Identify Ganglioglioma Prognosis

THURSDAY, Sept. 1 (HealthDay News) -- The presence of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) can be used to identify gangliogliomas which are significantly associated with a greater risk of recurrence, malignant transformation, and death, according to a study published in the September issue of Brain Pathology.

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Traumatic Brain Injury Deaths Tied to Life Support Removal

THURSDAY, Sept. 1 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with traumatic brain injury, most deaths are associated with withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in CMAJ, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.

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