April 2006 Briefing - Obstetrics/Gynecology

Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in OBGYN & Women's Health for April 2006. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.

Antioxidants Don't Cut Risk of Preeclampsia, Perinatal Harm

WEDNESDAY, April 26 (HealthDay News) -- Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy does not reduce the risk of preeclampsia or perinatal complications and may even cause harm to the mother, according to a study in the April 27 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Drug-Resistant HIV Can Persist in Postpartum Period

WEDNESDAY, April 26 (HealthDay News) -- Single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) for the prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission can give rise to nevirapine-resistant variants that persist for more than a year, according to a report published online April 25 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Early Edition.

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Most Physicians Would Halt Chemo at Patient's Request

MONDAY, April 24 (HealthDay News) -- The majority of physicians would halt chemotherapy if a terminal cancer patient insisted, but fewer would comply with a patient's request to speed death with drugs, according to a survey of physicians in six European countries and Australia published in the April 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Depression After Heart Attack Common in Younger Women

MONDAY, April 24 (HealthDay News) -- Following a myocardial infarction, relatively young female patients have higher rates of depression than relatively young men, older men or older women, according to a study in the April 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Blacks Less Likely Than Whites To Trust Health Care Providers

MONDAY, April 24 (HealthDay News) -- The scarcity of quality interactions with physicians could be one reason that black patients in the United States are less likely to trust their health care providers than white patients are, according to the results of a study published in the April 24 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine. Nearly half of black patients report low trust in health care providers, versus one-third of white patients, the authors say.

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Proportion of Preterm Births Up 22 Percent in Past Decade

MONDAY, April 24 (HealthDay News) -- The number of preterm births in Denmark has grown dramatically -- rising 22 percent between 1994 and 2004, according to a study published in the April 22 issue of BMJ.

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Telephone Support Boosts Cancer-Screening Rates

MONDAY, April 24 (HealthDay News) -- Telephone support can increase rates of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening among minority and low-income women, according to a study published in the April 18 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Raloxifene Equals Tamoxifen for Breast Cancer Prevention

THURSDAY, April 20 (HealthDay News) -- Raloxifene is equal to tamoxifen at preventing invasive breast cancer and may offer some advantages over tamoxifen, including a lower risk of uterine cancer and blood clots, according to preliminary results of the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial released this week by the U.S. National Cancer Institute.

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CDC Reports U.S. Death Rate Has Fallen to Record Low

THURSDAY, April 20 (HealthDay News) -- The United States death rate has fallen to a record low, life expectancy is increasing and the life expectancy gender gap is narrowing, according to a summary report, issued April 19 by the National Center for Health Statistics.

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Vaginal Breech Deliveries Safe If Guidelines Are Followed

WEDNESDAY, April 19 (HealthDay News) -- A planned vaginal delivery for breech presentation can be safe if certain criteria are met both before and during labor, according to a study conducted in France and Belgium and published in the April issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Black Women in U.S. Get Fewer Mammograms

WEDNESDAY, April 19 (HealthDay News) -- Black women in the United States tend to have longer intervals between mammograms than white women, which could help explain why black women have more advanced breast cancer at diagnosis, according to a study in the April 18 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine.

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Pregnancy Lowers Cancer Risk in BRCA Carriers Over 40

WEDNESDAY, April 19 (HealthDay News) -- Women over 40 years old who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations predisposing them to breast cancer have a 14 percent reduced risk of breast cancer with each full-term pregnancy, similar to the general population, according to a study in the April 19 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

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Breast Implants Not Linked to Cancer in Long-Term Study

WEDNESDAY, April 19 (HealthDay News) -- After a mean follow-up of nearly 20 years, researchers found that women with cosmetic breast implants are not at higher risk of cancer overall and in fact have a lower risk of breast cancer, according to a study in the April 19 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

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Short and Long Pregnancy Interval Affects Outcome

TUESDAY, April 18 (HealthDay News) -- Women who have a pregnancy interval of less than six months or more than 59 months are more likely to experience an adverse outcome than women with other lengths of time between pregnancies, according to an analysis of more than 11 million pregnancy outcomes published in the April 19 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Oocytes Matured In Vitro Have More Chromosomal Defects

MONDAY, April 17 (HealthDay News) -- Oocytes matured in vitro have more defects in meiotic spindle and chromosome alignment compared to those matured in vivo, which may explain their reduced potential for use in infertility treatments, according to a report in the April issue of Fertility and Sterility.

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No Significant Link Between Red Hair, Endometriosis

FRIDAY, April 14 (HealthDay News) -- Contrary to what has been hypothesized, a report in the April issue of Fertility and Sterility suggests there is no relationship between natural red hair color and the incidence of endometriosis.

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Sedentary Women at Higher Risk of Ovarian Cancer

FRIDAY, April 14 (HealthDay News) -- Postmenopausal women who are sedentary for six hours a day or more have a 55 percent greater risk of developing ovarian cancer compared with less sedentary women, according to a study in the April 15 issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology.

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Surgery Best for Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion

FRIDAY, April 14 (HealthDay News) -- The best overall outcome for twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is achieved with surgery, but the surgical approach and technique should be tailored to individual cases, according to a study in the April issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Hypertensive Disorders Commonly Recur in Pregnancy

THURSDAY, April 13 (HealthDay News) -- Hypertensive disorders (HPD) in pregnancy commonly recur, but the recurrence is not necessarily in the same type of disorder, according to a study in the April issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Preeclampsia, Intrauterine Growth Restriction Unrelated

THURSDAY, April 13 (HealthDay News) -- Preeclampsia shares many risk factors with gestational hypertension, but appears to be unrelated to unexplained intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), according to a study in the April issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Burch Colposuspension Reduces Stress Incontinence

WEDNESDAY, April 12 (HealthDay News) -- In women without stress incontinence who undergo abdominal sacrocolpopexy for prolapse, Burch colposuspension significantly reduces the risk of postoperative stress incontinence, according to a study in the April 13 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

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Problem Snoring in Women Linked to Age, Body Mass Index

WEDNESDAY, April 12 (HealthDay News) -- Habitual snoring in women is most prevalent among those aged 50 to 59 and in women with a higher body mass index (BMI), according to research published in the April issue of Chest.

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Reviewers Biased Toward U.S. and English-Speaking World

WEDNESDAY, April 12 (HealthDay News) -- Reviewers of abstracts tend to be biased toward authors from the United States, other English-speaking countries and prestigious institutions, a problem that can be partially overcome by using blinded reviewing, according to a study in the April 12 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Modern Chemotherapy Over 50 Percent More Effective

TUESDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer and node-positive tumors, biweekly treatment with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel produces a more than 50 percent lower rate of recurrence and mortality, compared with low-dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and fluorouracil, according to a study in the April 12 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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HRT After Hysterectomy Does Not Raise Breast Cancer Risk

TUESDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not raise the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy, according to a study in the April 12 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Hormone Therapy Linked to Breast Cancer in Blacks

TUESDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- Hormone therapy is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer in black women, especially for those with a low body mass index (BMI), according to a report in the April 10 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Antibiotics Help HIV-Infected Women With Salpingitis

TUESDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- HIV-infected women with acute salpingitis respond to antibiotic treatment, but more slowly than uninfected women, according to research published in the April issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Estrogen Increases Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

TUESDAY, April 11 (HealthDay News) -- Postmenopausal women lacking a uterus are at increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism after estrogen therapy, particularly in the first two years, according to a study in the April 10 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine.

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Invasive Cancer Risk Higher with Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

MONDAY, April 10 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with lobular carcinoma in situ are more likely to develop invasive breast cancer than those with ductal carcinoma in situ, according to research published online April 10 in Cancer.

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Congenital Rubella Syndrome Almost Non-Existent in U.S.

MONDAY, April 10 (HealthDay News) -- Congenital rubella syndrome has been almost completely eradicated in the United States, with only four cases reported in the past five years, according to a joint statement published in the April issue of Birth Defects Research (Part A): Clinical and Molecular Teratology.

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Gestation Length Influenced by Maternal, Paternal Factors

FRIDAY, April 7 (HealthDay News) -- Heritable factors related to both father and mother may influence the length of gestation, according to a study published in the April 1 issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Nulliparous Women Report More Sexual Satisfaction

FRIDAY, April 7 (HealthDay News) -- Sexual satisfaction is higher in nulliparous women than in parous women, according to the results of a study of twins published in the April issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology. The findings suggest that childbirth affects sexual function in the long-term.

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Early Bleeding in Pregnancy Tied to Premature Birth

FRIDAY, April 7 (HealthDay News) -- Pregnant women diagnosed with bleeding during their first trimester have more premature deliveries and more early membrane rupture than other women, according to research published in the April issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

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Moderate Alcohol Intake Linked to Cognition in Women

FRIDAY, April 7 (HealthDay News) -- Older women who drink moderate amounts of alcohol, less than two drinks per day, have higher scores on a basic cognitive performance test than nondrinkers, according to a study reported online April 6 in Stroke.

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HPV Vaccine Shows Long-Term Protection Against Infection

FRIDAY, April 7 (HealthDay News) -- A follow-up of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trial first reported in 2004 shows that the therapy could protect women against infection for up to 4.5 years, according to a report published online April 6 in The Lancet.

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Morbidity High in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

THURSDAY, April 6 (HealthDay News) -- Women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy have increased gastrointestinal permeability and are at higher risk of developing liver and biliary diseases, according to two studies published in the April issue of Hepatology.

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Soy Associated with Moderately Lower Breast Cancer Risk

WEDNESDAY, April 5 (HealthDay News) -- Increasing soy consumption may slightly lower breast cancer risk among women in Western nations, according to a meta-analysis published online April 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. However, the evidence is not strong enough to recommend high-dose isoflavone supplements, they conclude.

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Black Children in U.S. Less Often Breast-Fed Than Whites

WEDNESDAY, April 5 (HealthDay News) -- More non-Hispanic white children are breast-fed than non-Hispanic black children, according to results of an analysis from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published in the March 31 issue of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

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Factors Predict Osteoarthritis-Related Mobility Problems

TUESDAY, April 4 (HealthDay News) -- Women with lower extremity osteoarthritis are at risk of developing difficulties performing daily activities, however two potentially modifiable risk factors, high weight and lower knee extensor strength, contribute to the risk, according to a study in the April 15 issue of Arthritis Care & Research.

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Menopause Transition Associated with Depression

MONDAY, April 3 (HealthDay News) -- The transition to menopause increases the likelihood of depression, especially for women who transition relatively early, according to two studies in the April issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

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