Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pathology for July 2011. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Youth Exposure to Farms Tied to Adult Hematological Cancer
FRIDAY, July 29 (HealthDay News) -- Growing up on a livestock farm, particularly a poultry farm, but not a crop farm, is associated with an increased risk of hematological cancer in adulthood, according to a study published online July 27 in Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
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Metabolic Syndrome Increases Primary Liver Cancer Risk
FRIDAY, July 29 (HealthDay News) -- Metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), regardless of other major risk factors for HCC and ICC, according to a study published in the August issue of Hepatology.
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Five Years of Tamoxifen Lowers 15-Year Mortality, Recurrence
FRIDAY, July 29 (HealthDay News) -- Five years of tamoxifen is associated with 15 years of reduced breast cancer recurrence and mortality in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease, but it has no effect on ER-negative disease, according to a meta-analysis published online July 29 in The Lancet.
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Sequencing Shows German E. Coli Related to O104:H4 Strains
THURSDAY, July 28 (HealthDay News) -- Genome sequencing results suggest that the genome of the German outbreak Escherichia coli (E. coli) O104:H4 strain is closely related to other enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 strains, but can be distinguished by a prophage encoding Shiga toxin 2 and a specific set of virulence and antibiotic-resistance factors, according to a study published online July 27 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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HbA1c Identifies Diabetes, Prediabetes in Acute Care
THURSDAY, July 28 (HealthDay News) -- Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements can be used as a reliable screen for undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and dysglycemia in emergency settings, according to a study published online July 20 in Diabetes Care.
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EGFR Mutation Abundance Affects Therapy in NSCLC
THURSDAY, July 28 (HealthDay News) -- The abundance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a response to treatment with the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), gefitinib, according to a study published online July 25 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Kidney Transplantation After Desensitization Ups Survival
WEDNESDAY, July 27 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitivity, performing live-donor kidney transplants after HLA desensitization gives a significant survival benefit over waiting for an HLA-compatible kidney, according to a study published in the July 28 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Somatic Mosaicism in AKT1 Causes Proteus Syndrome
WEDNESDAY, July 27 (HealthDay News) -- A somatic activating mutation in the oncogene AKT1 has been found to cause Proteus syndrome, a condition characterized by the overgrowth of skin, connective tissue, brain, and other tissues, according to a study published online July 27 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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GNAS, KRAS Mutations Seen in Precancerous Pancreatic Cysts
WEDNESDAY, July 27 (HealthDay News) -- Mutations in GNAS are present in 66 percent of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), while 96 percent of IPMNs have a mutation in GNAS and/or KRAS, according to a study published online July 20 in Science Translational Medicine.
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CDH13 Linked to Lowered Levels of Adiponectin
WEDNESDAY, July 27 (HealthDay News) -- A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the T-cadherin (CDH13) gene is associated with lowered adiponectin levels and an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases, according to a study published online July 19 in Diabetes.
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PTEN Downregulation Impairs UVB-Induced DNA Damage Repair
WEDNESDAY, July 27 (HealthDay News) -- Downregulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN suppresses xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC)-dependent genomic nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER), according to an experimental study published online July 19 in Cancer Research.
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Germline Mutations Tied to Barrett Esophagus
WEDNESDAY, July 27 (HealthDay News) -- Three gene mutations, MSR1, ASCC1, and CTHRC1, are significantly associated with Barrett esophagus (BE) and/or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), of which the MSR1 mutation is the most frequent but is only present in a small percentage of cases, according to a study published in the July 27 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Evidence of Occult Metastases Not Tied to Overall Survival
TUESDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) -- Immunohistochemical evidence of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases is not associated with overall survival for women with early-stage breast cancer, and in adjusted analysis, evidence of bone marrow metastases is also not associated with survival, according to a study published in the July 27 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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HES1 Expression Uncoupled From Notch in Ewing's Sarcoma
TUESDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) -- HES1 expression is not always associated with Notch activity in Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), according to a study published online July 15 in The Journal of Pathology.
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New Biomarkers of Coronary Heart Disease Identified
TUESDAY, July 26 (HealthDay News) -- In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE), and its secreted isoform (esRAGE) are strongly associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), but not stroke, according to a study published online July 19 in Diabetes.
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Meta-Analysis Shows 8 SNPs Tied to Metabolic Syndrome
MONDAY, July 25 (HealthDay News) -- Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), mostly located in genes involved in dyslipidemia, according to a meta-analysis published online July 12 in Obesity Reviews.
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Mutant Huntingtin(Htt) Activates AMPK-α1 in Mice, Humans
FRIDAY, July 22 (HealthDay News) -- The mutant huntingtin(Htt) (mHtt) gene activates the α1 isoform of adenosine mono phosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK-α1) in the striatal neurons of humans and mice with Huntington's disease (HD), and may be responsible for neuro-degeneration in the disease, according to an experimental study published online July 18 in the Journal of Cell Biology.
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Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Tied to Vascular Dysfunction
FRIDAY, July 22 (HealthDay News) -- Prenatal nicotine exposure in rats can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in vascular hypertensive reactivity in male offspring, according to an experimental study published online July 21 in the British Journal of Pharmacology.
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Venous, Lymphatic Invasion Prognostic for CRC Outcomes
FRIDAY, July 22 (HealthDay News) -- Venous and lymphatic invasion are significant predictors for disease outcome in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and detection of vascular invasion is correlated with the number of tissue blocks examined, according to a study published online July 12 in Cancer.
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HCC Surgery Depends on Race, Socioeconomics, Hospital Type
FRIDAY, July 22 (HealthDay News) -- Only a small proportion of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergo surgical treatment, which varies significantly with race, socioeconomic status, and type of hospital, according to a study published in the July issue of the Archives of Surgery.
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Increased Height Tied to Higher Cancer Risk
THURSDAY, July 21 (HealthDay News) -- Increasing height in women is associated with an increased risk of total cancer and cancer in most sites, according to a study published online July 21 in The Lancet Oncology.
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Semiconductor Device Shows Accurate Genome Sequencing
THURSDAY, July 21 (HealthDay News) -- The use of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology allows for more scalable methods of DNA sequencing of bacterial and human genomes, according to a study published in the July 21 issue of Nature.
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Distinct T Cells Tied to Psoriasis, Atopic Eczema Pathogenesis
THURSDAY, July 21 (HealthDay News) -- Distinct antigen-specific T-cell responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic eczema, according to a study published in the July 21 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Soldiers' Dyspnea Could Be Constrictive Bronchiolitis
WEDNESDAY, July 20 (HealthDay News) -- Constrictive bronchiolitis should be considered as a reason for unexplained exertional dyspnea among previously healthy soldiers with a history of inhalational exposure, according to a study published in the July 21 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Prenatal Partner Violence Tied to DNA Methylation in Offspring
WEDNESDAY, July 20 (HealthDay News) -- Maternal exposure to intimate-partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is associated with methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promoter in adolescent children, according to a study published online July 19 in Translational Psychiatry.
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Screening for Lynch Syndrome Beneficial at Acceptable Cost
TUESDAY, July 19 (HealthDay News) -- Identifying families with the Lynch syndrome could yield considerable benefits at acceptable costs, particularly for women, according to a study published online July 18 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Drinking Hot Tea, Coffee Tied to Lower MRSA Nasal Carriage
MONDAY, July 18 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals who drink hot tea or coffee have half the likelihood of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage as those who do not drink hot tea or coffee, according to a study published in the July/August issue of the Annals of Family Medicine.
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BetaPV Infection Tied to SCC in Transplant Recipients
MONDAY, July 18 (HealthDay News) -- There is a significant association between betapapillomavirus (betaPV) infection and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients who receive organ transplants, according to a study published in the July issue of the American Journal of Transplantation.
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Child Immune Response Tied to Mothers' Cytokine Production
FRIDAY, July 15 (HealthDay News) -- Maternal inflammatory cytokines in pregnancy are associated with the corresponding cytokine levels in children at age 1 year, but children's atopic dermatitis is only associated with maternal atopic dermatitis, according to a study published in the August issue of Allergy.
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Secondary Seizure Frequency Higher in Anovulatory Cycle
FRIDAY, July 15 (HealthDay News) -- In women with intractable focal onset seizures, seizure frequency for secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) is significantly greater during anovulatory cycles than during ovulatory cycles, according to a study published online July 14 in Epilepsia.
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Severe Asthma Not Linked to Persistent Viral Presence
FRIDAY, July 15 (HealthDay News) -- Respiratory-virus detection rates in the airways of patients with clinically stable and severe asthma are not significantly different from those of healthy controls, according to a study published in the August issue of Allergy.
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CDC: Travelers to Haiti at Risk for Dengue Virus Infections
THURSDAY, July 14 (HealthDay News) -- Travelers to Haiti may be at risk for infection with the mosquito-transmitted dengue virus (DENV), according to a report in the July 15 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Vascular Disease Tied to Higher Stroke or Death Risk in A-Fib
THURSDAY, July 14 (HealthDay News) -- The presence of a vascular disease, either peripheral artery disease (PAD) or prior myocardial infarction (MI), or both, is associated with increased risk of stroke or death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), independent of Cardiac failure, Hypertension, Age, Diabetes, Stroke (doubled) (CHADS2) risk score, according to a study published in the July issue of the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
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MYO1E Mutations Linked to Glomerulosclerosis
THURSDAY, July 14 (HealthDay News) -- Mutations in the non-muscle class I myosin, myosin 1E (Myo1E) gene, MYO1E, are associated with childhood-onset, glucocorticoid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, according to a study published online July 13 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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H1N1 2009 Vaccine Not Tied to Guillain Barré Syndrome Risk
THURSDAY, July 14 (HealthDay News) -- The adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine is not associated with an increased risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome, according to a study published July 12 in the BMJ.
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Intergenerational Social Mobility Affects HTN Risk
THURSDAY, July 14 (HealthDay News) -- Low parental socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with an increased hypertension risk, but intergenerational social mobility modifies this risk, according to a study published online July 11 in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.
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Age-Associated Health Decline Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
THURSDAY, July 14 (HealthDay News) -- A frailty index of 19 deficits not previously reported to predict dementia is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), according to a study published online July 13 in Neurology.
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Novel Adipokine Links Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
WEDNESDAY, July 13 (HealthDay News) -- Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a novel adipokine that appears to be involved in linking adipose tissue and the metabolic syndrome, according to a study published in the July issue of Diabetes.
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Stress ECHO Effectively Stratifies CAD Risk in Patients With HIV
WEDNESDAY, July 13 (HealthDay News) -- Stress echocardiography (SE) can effectively stratify risk and offer prognostic value for patients with HIV at risk for cardiovascular events, according to a study published online July 12 in Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging.
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Metabolic Syndrome Linked to Cavernosal Vasculopathy
WEDNESDAY, July 13 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) who have metabolic syndrome have higher prevalence of cavernosal vasculopathy than those without metabolic syndrome, and the number of metabolic syndrome components is correlated with cavernosal vasculopathy, according to a study published online July 5 in Diabetes Care.
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Associations Found Between Contact Allergy and Cancer
WEDNESDAY, July 13 (HealthDay News) -- An inverse association has been found between contact allergy and non-melanoma skin and breast cancer, and a positive association between contact allergy and bladder cancer, according to a study published online July 11 in BMJ Open.
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Gender Discrepancy in Cancer Mortality Rates Considerable
TUESDAY, July 12 (HealthDay News) -- Males have higher mortality rates for cancer than females, but cancer survival disparities are much less pronounced between males and females, according to a study published online July 12 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
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Changes in Family Cancer History Impact Screening Needs
TUESDAY, July 12 (HealthDay News) -- Clinically relevant family history changes over time, specifically between the ages of 30 and 50 years, impact screening recommendations for colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer, according to a study published in the July 13 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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PET Detection of Amyloid Levels Equal to Immunohistochemistry
TUESDAY, July 12 (HealthDay News) -- Detection of amyloid levels by positron emission tomography (PET), measuring fluorine 18-labeled flutemetamol (florbetapir) uptake by the brain cortex, is in concordance with immunohistochemical estimation; and the florbetapir-PET standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) help characterize amyloid levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), according to two studies published online July 11 in the Archives of Neurology.
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Secondhand Smoke Tied to Child Neurobehavioral Issues
MONDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) -- Postnatal exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is associated with an increase in the risk of neurobehavioral disorders among children, according to a study published online July 11 in Pediatrics.
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Vitamin D Insufficiency Prevalent in Psoriatic Arthritis
MONDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency, with no evidence of seasonal or geographic variation or association between vitamin D levels and disease activity, according to a study published online July 11 in Arthritis Care & Research.
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Folate Intake Positively Linked to Academic Achievement
MONDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) -- Folate intake is positively associated with academic achievement in 15-year-old children, according to a study published online July 11 in Pediatrics.
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Clinical Practice Guidelines Underused in Bladder Cancer
MONDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) -- Clinical practice guidelines for management of patients with bladder cancer are not being followed, with provider-level factors contributing to this underuse, according to a study published online July 11 in Cancer.
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Increase in Staph Pneumonia in Children Mainly Due to MSRA
MONDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) -- The number of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) pneumonia cases in children increased between August 2001 and April 2009, with methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) responsible for 74 percent of the cases, according to a study published in the July issue of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.
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Cardiac Transplants Tied to Increased Risk of Skin Cancer
MONDAY, July 11 (HealthDay News) -- Patients who have undergone cardiac transplants have an increased risk of developing skin cancer, in particular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), compared to the general population, according to a study published in the July issue of the American Journal of Transplantation.
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Prenatal Distress Tied to Higher Risk of Childhood Wheeze
FRIDAY, July 8 (HealthDay News) -- Prenatal demoralization is associated with an increased risk of childhood wheeze among low-income urban African-Americans and Hispanics, according to a study published in the July issue of the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
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CT Tumor Measure Changes Not Indicative of Progression
FRIDAY, July 8 (HealthDay News) -- There is a clinically important magnitude of tumor measurement variability inherent in repeat computed tomography (CT) imaging, especially for small tumors, which may not be indicative of tumor progression, according to a study published online July 5 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Vitamin D3 Tied to Decrease in Mortality
FRIDAY, July 8 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin D3, but not other forms of vitamin D, is associated with reduced overall mortality, according to a review published in the July issue of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
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Delayed Disease Recognition in One in Five Patients With PAH
FRIDAY, July 8 (HealthDay News) -- One in five patients report symptoms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) for more than two years before the disease is diagnosed, with patients younger than 36 years being most likely to experience delayed recognition, according to a study published in the July issue of Chest.
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Possible Chemopreventive Role for Celecoxib in Lung Cancer
FRIDAY, July 8 (HealthDay News) -- Celecoxib significantly reduces bronchial Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI), and may be a potential chemopreventive agent for lung cancer in former smokers, according to a study published in the July issue of Cancer Prevention Research.
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Genes in Wnt-Signaling Pathway Tied to Dupuytren's Disease
THURSDAY, July 7 (HealthDay News) -- Nine different gene loci are associated with Dupuytren's disease, six of which are involved in the Wnt-signaling pathway, according to a study published online July 6 in the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Long-Term Indacaterol Effective in Pulmonary Disease
THURSDAY, July 7 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) tolerate indacaterol well, and have improved bronchodilation at 52 weeks, according to a study published in the July issue of Chest.
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CRC Mortality Rates Vary Significantly Between States
THURSDAY, July 7 (HealthDay News) -- There has been a significant decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates across all states in the United States, except Mississippi, between 1990 and 2007, with northeastern states showing the maximum decreases and the southern states showing the least, according to a study published in the July issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
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Prepregnancy Heme Iron Intake Linked to Diabetes Risk
THURSDAY, July 7 (HealthDay News) -- The intake of dietary heme iron before pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), according to a study published in the July issue of Diabetes Care.
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Eating Disorders Associated With High Mortality Rates
WEDNESDAY, July 6 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with eating disorders -- anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) -- have significantly increased mortality rates, with the highest rate in those with AN, according to a meta-analysis published in the July issue in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Sedentary Lifestyle Tied to Pulmonary Embolism Risk
WEDNESDAY, July 6 (HealthDay News) -- A sedentary lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of incident pulmonary embolism in women, according to a study published online July 4 in BMJ.
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CDC: Colorectal Cancer Screening Increasing
TUESDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) -- Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates have increased in the United States in recent years and CRC incidence and mortality have fallen, though many people are still not receiving the recommended screening, according to a report published in the July 5 early-release issue of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Fewer Clinical Capabilities in Critical Access Rural Hospitals
TUESDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) -- Rural critical access hospitals (CAHs) have fewer clinical capabilities, significantly poorer performance on process measures, and higher 30-day mortality rates than non-CAHs for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure, and pneumonia, according to a study published in the July 6 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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First Trimester Antidepressant Use Tied to Childhood ASD
TUESDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) -- Prenatal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), especially during the first trimester of pregnancy, may increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in children, according to a study published online July 4 in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Shared Environment Tied to Autism Risk in Healthy Twin
TUESDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) -- In twins, shared environment may have a greater impact on susceptibility to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than genetic inheritance, according to a study published online July 4 in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Personalizing Frequency of Mammography Is Cost-Effective
TUESDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) -- Personalizing the frequency of mammography on the basis of the woman's age, breast density, history of breast biopsy, and family history of breast cancer is cost-effective, according to research published in the July 5 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Priority Score Predicts Post-Op Survival and Dropout Risk
TUESDAY, July 5 (HealthDay News) -- A continuous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) priority score incorporating a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), alpha-fetoprotein and tumor size can be used to predict dropout, post-transplantation survival, and recurrence rates after liver transplantation, according to a study published online June 10 in the American Journal of Transplantation.
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Comorbidities Negatively Affect Breast Cancer Survival
FRIDAY, July 1 (HealthDay News) -- The presence of comorbidities among older patients with early breast cancer is associated with either similar or worse overall survival than that of patients at a later stage of cancer with no comorbidities, according to a study published online June 30 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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