Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pathology for September 2011. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Activated Protein C Inhibitor Effective in Hemophilia A
FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Specific activated protein C (APC) inhibitor PNASN-1 significantly increases thrombin generation in the blood and plasma of individuals with congenital hemophilia A, with and without factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency, according to a study published online Sept. 15 in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
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Tamoxifen Use Tied to Diabetes Risk in Breast Cancer Survivors
FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Current tamoxifen therapy is associated with a significantly increased incidence of diabetes in older breast cancer survivors, according to a study published online Sept. 20 in Cancer.
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Three New Gene Loci ID'd for Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility
FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Three new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified, which are significantly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility, according to a study published online Sept. 29 in PLoS Genetics.
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Physical Activity Tied to Excess Eating Via Executive Function
FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Physical activity indirectly modifies eating behavior and may suppress overeating by strengthening executive function, according to a review published in the October issue of Obesity Reviews.
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High Risk of Salvage Transplant Failure Post Liver Resection
FRIDAY, Sept. 30 (HealthDay News) -- Initial liver resection (LR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within Milan criteria (MC) is a valid treatment for patients with good liver function who develop recurrence within MC, but salvage transplantation (ST) has a high rate of failure for those with recurrence beyond MC, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in Hepatology.
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Illness Associated With HEV68 Seen in Clusters Globally
THURSDAY, Sept. 29 (HealthDay News) -- Human enterovirus 68 (HEV68), rarely reported since it was first identified in the early 1960s, has recently been seen in disease clusters around the world, according to research published in the Sept. 30 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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Surveillance Info Sheds Light on Utah's Influenza Patterns
THURSDAY, Sept. 29 (HealthDay News) -- The United States was hard hit by the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, and Utah experienced a particularly high proportion of severe illness compared with previous influenza seasons, particularly among certain subsets of the population, according to research published in the Sept. 30 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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DNA Repair Capacity IDs Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Survival
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- DNA repair capacity (DRC) in peripheral lymphocytes is a significant, independent predictor of survival for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Alternate Chromosome 17 Genes Detect True HER2 Status
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with breast cancer and polysomy 17, the true gene status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) can be effectively determined by use of additional chromosome 17 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies for Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), and tumor protein p53 (TP53) genes, rather than the HER2-to-centromeric probe (CEP17) ratio, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia IDs Lethal Cancer
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is prognostic of lethal prostate cancer (PCa), according to a study published online Sept. 27 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
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Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Sparing Regimens Improve Outcomes
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 28 (HealthDay News) -- Use of calciuneurin-inhibitor-sparing regimens immediately after kidney transplantation is associated with improved outcomes, including less delayed graft function, improved graft function, and less new-onset diabetes, according to a meta-analysis published online Sept. 23 in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
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Advanced Adenomas, CRCs More Prevalent in Men
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- For individuals older than 50 years, men have a significantly increased prevalence of adenomas, advanced adenomas (AAs), and carcinomas compared to women, according to a study published in the Sept. 28 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Lower Cancer Fatalism Tied to Increased Cancer Screening
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Better self-rated health and lower cancer fatalism are associated with greater participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in England, and mediate the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on fecal occult blood test (FOBt) uptake, according to a study published online Sept. 27 in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
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SF3B1 Mutations Linked to Myelodysplasia
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Recurrent mutations in RNA splicing factor 3B, subunit 1 (SF3B1) are associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, and are more frequent in patients whose disease is characterized by the presence of ring sideroblasts, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the New England Journal of Medicine to coincide with its presentation at the 2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress, held Sept. 23 to 27 in Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vitamin B12 Markers Tied to Cognition, Brain Volume
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Serum vitamin B12 markers are associated with total brain volume and global cognitive function, with homocysteine affecting global cognitive performance and methylmalonate affecting total brain volume, according to a study published in the Sept. 27 issue of Neurology.
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Bigger Osteophyte Size Ups Severe Cartilage Damage Risk
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-diagnosed tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, the likelihood of severe cartilage damage increases with increasing osteophyte size, and only a small proportion of knees exhibit atrophic and hypertrophic phenotypes, according to a study published online Sept. 14 in Arthritis & Rheumatism.
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ESR1 Expression Predicts Tamoxifen Benefit in Breast CA
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Expression of ESR1 predicts tamoxifen benefit in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, with low levels of expression indicative of tamoxifen resistance, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Cell of Origin Key in Relapsed B-Cell Lymphoma Prognosis
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with relapsed/refractory germinal center B (GCB)-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have improved outcomes when treated with rituximab, dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin (R-DHAP), according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Colorectal Cancer Subsite Risk Tied to Fruit/Vegetable Intake
TUESDAY, Sept. 27 (HealthDay News) -- The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with different fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption varies depending on the tumor location within the large bowel, according to a study published online Sept. 26 in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
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Diabetes-Free Life Expectancy at 18 Years Down Since 1980s
MONDAY, Sept. 26 (HealthDay News) -- The diabetes-free life expectancy at 18 years of age in the United States decreased in both men and women between the 1980s and 2000s, with obese individuals experiencing the greatest losses, according to a study published in the October issue of Diabetes Care.
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Distinct Prognosis for Gleason Scores 4 + 3 and 3 + 4
MONDAY, Sept. 26 (HealthDay News) -- A Gleason score of 4 + 3 = 7 is correlated with pathological stage and increased risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP), according to a study published in the October issue of The Journal of Urology.
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Soliris Approval Expanded to Include Rare Blood Disorder
FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Soliris (eculizumab) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the first drug to treat atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a rare blood disease that may trigger kidney failure, stroke or death.
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Hospitalization, Complication Risk Up After Prostate Biopsy
FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Men who undergo prostate biopsy have nearly double the risk of hospitalization within 30 days versus those who do not, and the rate of infectious complications after prostate biopsy has increased in recent years, according to a study published online Sept. 23 in The Journal of Urology.
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Many Cushing Syndrome-EAS Tumors Found in Chest Cavity
FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with Cushing syndrome (CS) secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion (EAS) who attend a comprehensive cancer center, nearly 50 percent have tumors in the chest cavity, notably bronchial carcinoid and small-cell lung cancer, according to a study published in the Oct. 1 issue of Cancer.
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Serum Amino Acids Are Potential Biomarkers for Renal Cell Cancer
FRIDAY, Sept. 23 (HealthDay News) -- The levels of certain serum amino acids are significantly different in patients with renal cell carcinoma and show potential as biomarkers with predictive value for tumor recurrence and overall survival, according to a study published in the October issue of The Journal of Urology.
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Bed Bug Treatment Can Cause Illness
THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Illnesses related to the pesticides used to treat bed bug infestations -- an increasingly prevalent problem in the United States and worldwide -- are few and far between; still, inappropriate use of the insecticides can and does cause harm, according to research published in the Sept. 23 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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SNP in SUV39H2 Tied to Complications in Diabetes
THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- The minor T-allele of exonic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17353856 in SUV39H2 is associated with retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes, and shows a trend toward an association with diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease, according to a study published online Sept. 6 in Diabetes.
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Racial Discrimination Tied to RBC Oxidative Stress Levels
THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- Self-reported racial discrimination is significantly associated with red blood cell (RBC) oxidative stress, with the association remaining statistically significant for African-Americans but not whites, after stratifying by race, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in the International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.
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GGGGCC Repeat in C9ORF72 ID'd As Genetic Cause of ALS
THURSDAY, Sept. 22 (HealthDay News) -- The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the non-coding region of C9ORF72 gene on chromosome 9p21 is the most common genetic abnormality in familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a large FTD/ALS kindred; and, it is the underlying cause of a considerable proportion of familial and sporadic ALS in a Finnish population, according to two studies published online Sept. 21 in Neuron.
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Mortality Up in Hospitals With More Minority Trauma Patients
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- The odds of in-hospital mortality for trauma patients are associated with the proportion of minority patients in the hospital, according to a study published online Sept. 19 in the Archives of Surgery.
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Exposure to Air Pollution Found to Up Transient Risk of MI
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Short-term exposure to particles with a diameter <10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the air is associated with a short-term increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) one to six hours later, according to a study published online Sept. 20 in BMJ.
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Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Delays Puberty in Monkeys
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) delays pubertal progression with impaired testicular descent, reduced testicular volume, and decreased serum testosterone levels in juvenile male rhesus monkeys, according to an experimental study published online Sept. 19 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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F1+2, VEGF, D-Dimer Levels Up in Nonallergic Asthma
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with nonallergic asthma exhibit autoreactivity as well as increased levels of coagulation and angiogenesis markers, according to a study published in the October issue of Allergy.
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Depression Significantly Ups Stroke Morbidity, Mortality
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 21 (HealthDay News) -- Depression is linked to a significantly increased risk of stroke morbidity and mortality, according to a review published in the Sept. 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Platelet Reactivity Status Predicts Ischemic Event Risk
TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- High residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) after clopidogrel loading is significantly associated with an increased risk of short- and long-term ischemic events in patients receiving platelet reactivity-guided antithrombotic medication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), according to a study published in the Sept. 21 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Diabetes Ups Risk of All-Cause Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease
TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) than those with normal glucose tolerance, with elevated two-hour postload glucose (PG) but not fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels associated with the increased risk, according to a study published in the Sept. 20 issue of Neurology.
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Bisphenol A Exposure Not Linked to Type 2 Diabetes
TUESDAY, Sept. 20 (HealthDay News) -- Urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels are not associated with self-reported type 2 diabetes, according to a study published in the Sept. 20 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Cold Ischemia Time Tied to Delayed Kidney Graft Function
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Increasing cold ischemia time (CIT) in expanded-criteria donor (ECD) kidney pairs is a risk factor for delayed graft function (DGF), but has no effect on graft survival, according to a study published online Sept. 11 in the American Journal of Transplantation.
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Similar Lipid-Triglyceride Storage in Obese, Lean Women
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Both upper-body obese (UBO) and lean women exhibit similar storage of very low density lipids-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) in visceral, upper-body subcutaneous (UBSQ), and lower-body subcutaneous (LBSQ) fat, with no significant differences in the trafficking pattern into these adipose tissue depots, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in Diabetes.
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Work Intensity Similar Across Physician Specialties
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- The level of physician work intensity appears to be similar among specialties, with variations in the specific dimensions of stress, physical demands, performance, and temporal demand, according to a study published online Sept. 3 in Medical Care.
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MS-Related Disorders ID'd by Proteomic Pattern Analysis
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Proteomic pattern analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI) mass spectrometry distinguishes between similar multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disorders, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in the Annals of Neurology.
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Racial Disparities in Radical Prostatectomy Decreasing
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- The racial disparity in the utilization rates of minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (MIRP) in the United States is decreasing, according to a study published online Sept. 6 in Cancer.
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Increased Basal Ganglia Gray Matter in Rheumatoid Arthritis
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased gray matter in the basal ganglia, especially in the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, but not changes in the cortical gray matter, according to a study published online Sept. 8 in Arthritis & Rheumatism.
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Lineage-Restricted Stem Cells Regenerate Digit Tip in Mice
MONDAY, Sept. 19 (HealthDay News) -- Lineage-restricted, tissue-resident stem cells are involved in the regeneration of the distal digits in mice, according to an experimental study published online Aug. 25 in Nature.
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Liver X Receptor Agonist Ups Glioblastoma Cell Death
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Liver X receptor (LXR) agonists cause inducible degrader of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)(IDOL)-mediated LDLR degradation and elevated expression of the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux transporter, which promotes cell death in a glioblastoma model, according to an experimental study published online Sept. 15 in Cancer Discovery.
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Thrombomodulin Gene Variants Up Post-CABG Mortality Risk
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Genetic variants in the thrombomodulin gene (THBD) are independently associated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, according to a study published in the Sept. 13 issue of Circulation.
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Treatable Disorders Often Misdiagnosed As Creutzfeldt-Jakob
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with potentially treatable disorders may be misdiagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), according to a study published in the September issue of the Annals of Neurology.
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Fluoroquinolones Up Risk of Post-Biopsy Acute Prostatitis
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- In patients who undergo transrectal prostate biopsy, prior use of fluoroquinolones is the most significant risk factor for developing post-procedure acute prostatitis, according to a study published in the September issue of Urology.
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Xanthelasmata Predict Death, Ischemic Vascular Disease
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Xanthelasmata either individually or in combination with arcus corneae, but not arcus corneae alone, predict the risk of ischemic vascular disease and death in the general population, according to a study published online Sept. 15 in BMJ.
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Lower Frontal/Saggital Proprioceptive Acuity in OA
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) have reduced proprioceptive acuity in both the sagittal and frontal planes compared with healthy control subjects, according to a study published in the September issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism.
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Optimal CRC Screening Varies With Age, Family History
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- The optimal colonoscopy screening strategy for individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) varies considerably with the number of affected first-degree relatives and their age at diagnosis, according to a study published in the Sept. 15 issue of Cancer.
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CDC: MRSA USA300 Strain Resistant to Topical Antibiotics
FRIDAY, Sept. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are susceptible to bacitracin, but MRSA USA300 isolates show resistance to bacitracin and neomycin, according to a study published online Sept. 14 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infectious Diseases.
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CDC: Recent Influenza Activity Relatively Low
THURSDAY, Sept. 15 (HealthDay News) -- Influenza activity was relatively low worldwide over the summer of 2011, but vaccination remains an important criteria for keeping influenza under control and preventing potentially serious, even fatal, complications, according to two articles published in the Sept. 16 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
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CDC: Risk Factors ID'd in Most C. difficile Diarrhea Cases
THURSDAY, Sept. 15 (HealthDay News) -- The majority of patients with diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) have recognized risk factors or a co-infection with another pathogen, according to a study published online Sept. 14 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infectious Diseases.
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Global Rates of Breast, Cervical Cancer Up Over Last 20 Years
THURSDAY, Sept. 15 (HealthDay News) -- The global incidence of breast and cervical cancer increased from 1980 to 2010, with breast cancer mortality rates increasing and cervical cancer mortality rates decreasing during the same period, according to a study published online Sept. 15 in The Lancet.
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Adipogenic Cells Regulate Skin Stem Cell Activity in Mice
THURSDAY, Sept. 15 (HealthDay News) -- Epithelial stem cell behavior is regulated by cells of the adipocyte lineage that form a niche within mammalian skin, and influence hair regeneration, according to a study published in the Sept. 2 issue of Cell.
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New Tiered Sharing Policy Suggested for Liver Transplants
THURSDAY, Sept. 15 (HealthDay News) -- An algorithm incorporating a national sharing policy with a tiered policy, such as the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), may reduce the number of wait-list deaths and organ travel distances, according to a study published in the September issue of Liver Transplantation.
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Reduced Treatment Time Noninferior for Some With Hep C
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Sustained virologic response for some patients who have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) was found to be noninferior when treating for 24 weeks versus 48 weeks, according to a study published in the Sept. 15 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Long-Term Nonaspirin NSAID Use Ups Renal Cell Cancer Risk
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but not aspirin and acetaminophen, is associated with an increased risk of renal cell cancer (RCC), with increased duration of use correlated with an elevated risk, according to a study published in the Sept. 12 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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FUS, TDP-43 Combined Activity Disrupted in ALS, Dementia
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- The RNA/DNA-binding proteins fused in sarcoma (FUS, also known as TLS) and TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) function together in vivo in a common genetic pathway in neurons, and mutations in either protein may disrupt the combined activities of both of these proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), according to an experimental study published online Sept. 1 in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
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Malaria Vaccine Does Not Protect Against Clinical Malaria
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- The malaria vaccine, FMP 2.1/AS02A, based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum does not provide significant protection against clinical malaria, but may have strain-specific efficacy against parasites with AMA1 corresponding to that of the vaccine strain, according to a study published in the Sept. 15 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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IBS, Chronic Fatigue Risk Up Three Years Post Giardiasis
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- Three years after acute illness with Giardia lamblia, the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue is significantly higher than in a control population, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in Gut.
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Mammography Screening Ups Breast Cancer Surgery Rates
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 14 (HealthDay News) -- The annual rate of breast surgery increased significantly from 1993-1995 to 2005-2008 for women in Norway aged 50 to 69 years who were invited to undergo mammography screening, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in BMJ.
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Aortic Dissection Incidence Higher in Individuals With BAV
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Aortic dissection incidence is higher in individuals with bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) than in the general population, according to a study published in the Sept. 14 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Number of Lymph Nodes Tested for Colon CA Up 1988 to 2008
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- For patients treated surgically for colon cancer, the number of lymph nodes evaluated increased from 1988 to 2008; however, there was no significant increase in lymph node positivity during the same period, according to a study published in the Sept. 14 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Febrile Seizures Tied to Systemic Respiratory Alkalosis
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Febrile seizures (FS) in children are associated with systemic respiratory alkalosis, and the lack of FS in children with gastroenteritis (GE) may be attributable to the low pH in GE, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in Epilepsia.
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Intrauterine Device Use Tied to Lower Cervical Cancer Risk
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Intrauterine device (IUD) use is associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer, but the protective association is not seen in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in The Lancet Oncology.
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Fatherhood Decreases Waking, Evening Testosterone Levels
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Baseline waking testosterone levels are high in men who are likely to become partnered fathers, and both waking and evening testosterone levels decline significantly after men become fathers, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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Dyslipidemia Ups Neuritic Plaque Risk in Alzheimer's
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- An abnormal lipid profile with high levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) is significantly associated with neuritic plaque (NP)-type Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in a general Japanese cohort, according to a study published in the Sept. 13 issue of Neurology.
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Current Smoking Tied to Higher Risk of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
TUESDAY, Sept. 13 (HealthDay News) -- Current cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), with an elevated risk for men and older individuals, which increases with intensity and duration of smoking, according to a meta-analysis published online Sept. 12 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Gestational Diabetes + Obesity Upregulates Endothelial Lipase
MONDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- Pregnancies complicated by obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) show upregulated endothelial lipase (EL) expression, according to a study published online Aug. 18 in Diabetes.
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Earlier Cancer Onset in Second Generation BRCA Carriers
MONDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- Women who are carriers of BRCA mutations for breast or ovarian cancer are more likely to be diagnosed with cancer at an earlier age than members of the previous generation, according to a study published online Sept. 12 in Cancer.
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Long-Term Diet Tied to Gut Microbe Enterotype Clustering
MONDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- Long-term diet is strongly associated with specific enterotypes of gut microbiome, in particular protein and animal fat with Bacteroids, and carbohydrates with Prevotella, according to a study published online Sept. 1 in Science.
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Matrix Protein Production in Diabetes Complications Studied
MONDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- Glucose-induced extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN) upregulation in endothelial cells and in the retina of diabetic rats is mediated through microR-146a (miR-146a), according to an experimental study published online Sept. 1 in Diabetes.
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TNF Inhibitors for RA Do Not Increase Malignancy Risk
MONDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) does not increase risk of malignancy, including lymphoma, but it may increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma, according to a meta-analysis published online Sept. 1 in the Annals of Rheumatic Diseases.
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MRI Identifies Brain Region Differences in Autism
FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- The brains of children with autism exhibit different structural organization in multiple regions, which can be distinguished using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, according to a study published online Sept. 5 in Biological Psychiatry.
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Arterial Calcification Tied to Vascular Brain Disease
FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Arterial calcification in various vessel beds is associated with larger white matter lesion (WML) volume and the presence of cerebral infarcts, according to a study published online Aug. 25 in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.
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Survival Up for Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Since 1980s
FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with early-onset type 1 diabetes survival has increased over time, but survival for individuals with late-onset type 1 diabetes has decreased since the 1980s, according to a study published online Sept. 8 in BMJ.
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Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres ID'd in Most Cancers
FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- The prevalence of the telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanism, known as alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), is 3.73 percent across all cancer subtypes, according to a study published online Sept. 2 in The American Journal of Pathology.
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Cultured Red Blood Cells Can Survive in Vivo in Humans
FRIDAY, Sept. 9 (HealthDay News) -- Red blood cells (RBC) cultured in vitro survive in vivo with a half-life comparable to native RBC, and retain their quality and functionality, according to a study published online Sept. 1 in Blood.
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Cytology Detects Proportion of Cervical Cancer Recurrence
THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Liquid-based cytology detects cervical cancer recurrence in about one-third of patients treated for cervical cancer; and, in the absence of any visible lesions, colposcopy is not indicated for follow-up of patients with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), unless abnormalities persist, according to a study published in the September issue of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
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Cardiac Mortality Rates in Women Progress at Constant Rate
THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Heart disease mortality rates in women progress at a constant rate as they age, which contradicts the belief that the risk of cardiovascular death for women increases sharply after menopause, according to a study published online Sept. 6 in BMJ.
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Cognitive, Not Bio, Markers Predictive of Cognitive Decline
THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Cognitive markers are more effective predictors of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease than biomarkers, according to a study published in the September issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms Tied to 9/11 Exposure
THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- For individuals who were exposed to the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC), the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) is higher in those with asthma or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and highest in those in whom both comorbidities are present, according to a study published online Sept. 6 in The American Journal of Gastroenterology.
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Smoking Ups Postmenopausal Sex Hormone Levels
THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Postmenopausal women who smoke have increased levels of androgens, estrogens, 17-hydroxprogesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), according to a study published online Aug. 10 in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
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Concentration of Maternal Ether Linked to Birth Weight
THURSDAY, Sept. 8 (HealthDay News) -- Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in maternal serum during pregnancy are associated with low infant birth weight, but no association is seen with birth length, head circumference, or gestational duration, according to a study published online Aug. 30 in the American Journal of Epidemiology.
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Many Hospital Staff Uniforms Contaminated With Bacteria
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- More than 60 percent of hospital staff uniforms are contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria, including drug-resistant species, according to a study published in the September issue of the American Journal of Infection Control.
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Medical Students Show Racial, Cultural Patient Preference
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Medical students may have a preferential bias toward whites and wealthier patients, but this does not appear to influence their clinical decision making or physician-patient interactions, according to a study published in the Sept. 7 medical education-themed issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Odds of Board Certification Vary in New Doctors
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) -- Certification of recent U.S. medical school graduates by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) varies across specialties by educational and demographic factors, according to a study published in the Sept. 7 medical education-themed issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Imbalance in Enzyme Activity Linked to ARDS in Animal Model
TUESDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is an increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and a decrease in counter-regulatory enzyme ACE2 activity, and this imbalance between ACE and ACE2 can be restored by a protease-resistant, cyclic form of angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) (cAng-[1-7]), according to an experimental study published online Aug. 18 in the Journal of Pathology.
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Cases of Transfusion-Linked Babesiosis in U.S. Described
TUESDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- From 1979 to 2009, 159 Babesia microti (B. microti) transfusion-associated cases of Babesiosis were identified in the United States, and occurrence was not limited by season or region, according to a study published online Sept. 5 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Increase in Child/Young Adult Stroke Hospitalization Rate
TUESDAY, Sept. 6 (HealthDay News) -- The rates of hospitalization due to acute ischemic stroke increased in children and young adults of all age and gender groups from 1995 to 2008, except females aged 5 to 14 years, according to a study published online Sept. 2 in the Annals of Neurology.
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UBQLN2 Mutations Tied to X-Linked ALS and ALS/Dementia
FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Mutations in the UBQLN2 gene are associated with dominant X-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ALS-linked dementia, according to a letter published online Aug. 21 in Nature.
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Simvastatin Neuroprotective for Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rats
FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Simvastatin significantly reduces hindlimb motor dysfunction, and reduces white- and gray-matter injury 24 to 48 hours after reperfusion in rats with spinal cord ischemia, according to an experimental study published in the September issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia.
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MRI Tumor Assessment Predicts Rectal Cancer Survival
FRIDAY, Sept. 2 (HealthDay News) -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of tumor regression grade (TRG) and circumferential resection margin (CRM) can be used to predict survival for good and poor responders in rectal cancer, according to a study published online Aug. 29 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Novel Viral Therapy May Benefit Cancer Patients
THURSDAY, Sept. 1 (HealthDay News) -- A novel, intravenously-delivered viral therapy appears to selectively infect and replicate in tumor cells without invading and harming healthy tissue in individuals with advanced cancer, according to a study published online Aug. 31 in Nature.
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IDH1 Mutations Identify Ganglioglioma Prognosis
THURSDAY, Sept. 1 (HealthDay News) -- The presence of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) can be used to identify gangliogliomas which are significantly associated with a greater risk of recurrence, malignant transformation, and death, according to a study published in the September issue of Brain Pathology.
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